rb88(请问想投稿写的小说)
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2023-11-10
162
1. rb88,请问想投稿写的小说?
我是一棹春风一叶舟,我给你推荐下面的文学作品投稿邮箱,希望能帮助到你
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)《金三角诗刊》jsj_sk@sina.cn《荆州晚报》副刊柳柳jzwblhx@qq.com《经典美文》wy_jdmeiwenyc@163.com《静海作家》jhzx2010@126.com《九头鸟》xngbzs@163.com《九州诗文》jzsw4072504@sina.com《局信息中心》myfirebird@sina.com《靠近诗刊》yelai888@163.com《蓝布衣诗刊》lanbuyi@sina.cn《蓝鲨诗刊》lssk2006@126.com《廊坊文学》lfwx5841@163.com《郎川文艺》诗歌投稿zt9944@yahoo.com.cn《乐游原诗刊》poem029@tom.com《雷公山诗刊》zg_lgssk@126.com《梁祝杯大赛》sl88@xgfhx.com《凌云诗刊》zgsxk@163.com《凌云诗刊》baipin5858@126.com《庐山诗刊》jjwybs@sina.com《旅馆诗刊》zsg2007950@sina.com《绿港文学》wkclsl@sohu.com《绿荫诗报》lvyinshibao@163.com《粤东文萃》luoshaojie77@163.com《蓼城诗刊》beareyes_0577@163.com《民族文学》mzwx2010@163.com《末代诗人》gumusanlang@163.com《南安文学》nawx2006@163.com《南方文学》a650322@vip.qq.com《南方作家》nanfangzuojia2008@163.com《南方作家》诗歌专投邮箱nfzjsgtg@163.com《南楼丹霞民刊》nanloudanxia@163.com《南麂诗刊》(海洋有关诗歌)njsk2010@sina.com《欧洲梅园文学》xueniwriting@yahoo.com.cn《洈水文学》yuannu12345@163.com《蒲江文学》pujiangwenxue@126.com《千里之外网络诗选》719240158@qq.com《黔风》yyang18@126.com《潜江文艺》qjwy999@163.com《羌族文学社》rrmea@126.com《青春,送你一首诗》niuyihe007@163.com《青年文学家》52hong999@163.com( 8 )《青年中国》muye1987@126.com《青年作家》hzqnzj@sina.com《清花河文艺》QQ609123591@qq.com《清然文学》qingranwenxue@qq.com《情诗季刊》qsjks@sogo.com《曲流诗刊》qlsk@vip.163.com《人民文学》诗歌组rmwxsg@126.com《柔刚》诗歌奖rougangnanjing@sina.com《若水》杂志ruoshuizazhi@126.com《山东文学》sdwxzuopin@163.com《山东文学》许晨xuchen861@163.com《商海儒风》wenqilianyiwang@163.com《绍兴诗刊》sxsk2008@sohu.com《湿地风》zzzrrrxxx88@yahoo.com.cn《诗潮》shichao2233@sina.com《诗方向》shijiangshan999@126.com《诗方向》851305726@qq.com《诗歌月刊》xueshujie@vip.163.com《诗红河》gb1220@sina.com《诗流向》(北湖诗刊)zhoukeran123@163.com《诗印象》徐凝xuning1618@sina.com《石狮文艺》wenlian8888@126.com《石钟山文苑》hunfeiposanfeng@sina.com《时代文学》shidaiwenxue@126.com《水镜文学》编辑nzzx011@163.com《水镜文学》投稿suburbsmagazine@163.com《台湾诗学》suhwan@ms73.hinet.net《太行文学》taihangwenxue@163.com《天汉诗歌》tianhanshige2010@163.com《天津诗人》tjpoets@126.com《天下诗刊》绝也老师17177851@qq.com《天中诗刊》zhangliubo@yahoo.com.cn《通肯河》hlshc2008@163.com《情感咖啡屋》meixue126@126.com《玩偶》zy.tk@163.com《威海卫文学》whshcqzx@163.com《微光诗刊》weiguangshikan@163.com《文化闽西》whmx2006@163.com《雨竹》xidawenlian@163.com《乌海》晓霞1622826430@qq.com《无界诗歌》lsdsj@hotmail.com( 9 )《地下》诗刊dixia1980@126.com《西部诗刊》xibushikan@sina.cn《现代诗人诗选》xiaoqu-413@163.com《香稻诗报》pijiangn@yahoo.com.cn《襄樊日报》文学副刊zhaoyh56@sina.com《新都市文学》hesiming1973@163.com《新文学》xinwenxuetougao@163.com《延河文学》yanhewenxue@126.com《延伸诗刊》yanshenshikan@163.com《燕都文艺》cystzjxh@sina.com《扬子江诗刊》zrcai@sina.com《艺海》txbh@artseabooks.com《银生文化》ynjdyk@126.com《永善文学》yswx2007@163.com《有巢》youchaoshikan@163.com《湖北诗词》laozhang_009@163.com《掌门诗刊》chairmanpoetics@pchome.com.tw《赵南华文文学》vhhvvietnam@yahoo.com.vn《中国70后诗歌编年史》nxxr@sina.com《中国绿色锌都》杂志lpxwl@yahoo.cn《中国民刊主编诗歌联展》征稿donganbingyu@foxmail.com《中国牛诗榜》陈傻子wxchshz@163.com《中国诗歌史编》1542546228@qq.com《中国诗歌在线》赵福治zgsg123@126.com《中国诗人》魏光华wghcn@163.com《中国水草诗报》shcshsh@126.com《中国文学》新世纪十年精品选编jinghuazuojia@126.com《中国先锋诗人作品选萃》zgxfsr@163.com《中国小诗》chwsw@sina.com《中国作家》zgzj@zgzjzzs.com《中华文学》zhonghuawenxue@163.com《中原诗刊》(网刊)zyskbjb@163.com《重庆文学》cqwx001@163.com《众生诗刊》zhongshengshikan@163.com《舟山日报》ztk03@zsnews.com《自便诗选》李侃likan6688@163.com《走廊诗地》zoulangshidi@126.com《作家》bjbtougao@163.com《芙蓉锦江》王国平wppp76@163.com( 10 )《泸州文艺》lzwy.bjb@163.com《綦江文艺》qjwy2010@126.com《鳄城文学》xctianbin@163.com《魅力大理》征稿1wxtd618@163.com《風笛詩社》wvinh503@hotmail.com《甘肃文艺》邮箱:gswl_gswy@163.comgswy@hotmail.com《焉支山》杂志电子邮箱:guoyong509@163.com。或liangjilin90@hotmail.com《潜夫山》邮箱:ypz_778@163.com《祁山》文学邮箱:lxwlsl@163.comchenyue_@126.com《开拓文学》季刊邮箱:ktwx1682222@sina.comQ Q:497872105《西王母文艺》邮箱:jcfxm@163.comjlwdpw@163.com主办:甘肃省白银市文联《河洲》文学邮箱:GSL_XZHWL2008@163.CO《腊子口》文学半年刊投稿邮箱:dblzk_ok@126.com主办:景德镇市文学艺术联合会《冠山》杂志fengyaxun@163.com《茉莉花》杂志编辑部投稿电子邮箱:hxmlh666@163.com《桃花源》 邮 箱:thytougao@sina.com《张家界》杂志编辑部社址:湖南省张家界市委机关大院电子信箱:zjjzazhi@163.com《万盛文艺》电话:(023)4826062 邮箱:cqwslzn@hotmail.com《绵竹文学》高洪珠主编ghzatmz1963@163.com《天岳》hbtczx@163.comwanhaixiong@163.com《顺义文艺》sywybjb@163.com《莫愁湖》信箱:zxzjx188@sina.com《丽江》编辑部,邮箱lijiangzazhi@126.com《东莞文艺》吴亮邮箱:wuliang74@163.com《阳江文艺》小说yjwlyjwy@163.comyjwlyjwy@163.com《鹿鸣》中短篇小说小小说诗歌散文nmmdg@163.com《长安文学》cawx2006@126.com《长江文艺》杂志。cjwy1949@sohu.com《贵港日报》小小说散文诗歌周小虎ningbo197899999@163.com《海中洲》投稿邮箱:zsletters@yahoo.cn《中国文学》(香港):jrbj88@163.com《登封文学》dengfengwenxue@163.com《北部湾》qzwy0777@126.com《东京文学》djwx2008@sina.com《佛山文艺》百味sh@dadao.netlh@dadao.net《泰山》邮箱公共wltaishan@126.com私人tsrww@163.com《东方剑》dfjbjb@sohu.com《广西文学》小小说微篇妙品栏目alu2005@163.comgxwx007@163.com《文学界》邮箱:wenxuejie@126.com( 11 )《山西文学》sxwx2002@163.com《厦门文学》kbfkb@126.com《梅州作家》编辑部mzzj666@163.com《安徽文学》(投稿《安徽文学》)lunwen5288@163.com《作家报》zjb1966@126.com《意林》原创yilinyc@vip.163.com《荆江文苑》散文随笔小小说wurong66@yahoo.com.cn《湘南文学》zhuwenke714@sina.com《北方文学原创版》bjwxjcyd@vip.sina.com《当代文苑》dangdaiwenyuan@163.com《贺州文学》投稿箱hzwx66@163.com《昆仑文苑》bywl2008.3@163.com《陕北杂志》shanbei123@163.com《天涯》杂志社tyzzz@vip.sina.com《文苑》宋黛song_dai@126.com《山花》shanhuabjb@163.com《丹荔》征稿启事qgs666666@163.com《辽宁青年c版孙月邮箱:liaoningqingnian@126.com《西江月》jiaoren88@163.com《柞水文艺》zswytg@163.com《铁路文学》tlwx-73097@sina.com《佛子岭文艺》fozilingwenyi@163.com《莲花山》lhs668@126.com《钟山》zhongshanzazhi@vip.sina.com《时代文学》shidaiwenxue@126.comshidaiwenxue@sina.com(短、中篇)《上海文学》shanghaiwenxue@126.com(短、中篇)《小说月报》xiaoshuoyuebao@sohu.com(短、中篇)《浙江文化月刊》whyk@zjwh.gov.cn《三月》邮箱:sanyuewenxue@163.com(发千字小说、散文、评论)《瑞安日报》云江潮金晓峰sunwf130@sina.com《昭通日报》七彩枫叶 范云 星期二fanyun6191@126.com《民族日报》人生百味和文化生活mzrb@vip.163.com《常德日报》 江cdrbzbs@163.com《浙江工人报》总zjgr-tg@zjnews.com.cn《锦州晚报》人在职场崔航wanbaotougao@126.com《锦州日报》文艺副刊段志武 李一泓wentibu58@sina.com《百花园》杂志 秦俑:xxszjw@163.com《天池》杂志邮箱:ybtianchi@163.com《小说月刊》杂志(1)孙丹:dandan6336@126.com(2)何光占hefang2955@sina.com( 12 )《佛山文艺》杂志廖琪:lq@dadao.net《小小说月刊》杂志郭小霞:guoxiaoxia2006@126.com《翠苑》综合双月刊主办:江苏省常州市文学艺术界联合会常州日报社投稿邮箱:fgh88888@21cn.com《江河文学》综合双月刊主办:中国水利水电建设集团公司中国葛洲坝集团公司投稿邮箱:sxhf123@sohu.com《野草》综合双月刊主办:浙江省绍兴市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:yecaozazi@163.com《芙蓉》综合双月刊主办:湖南文艺出版社投稿邮箱:lotusmagazine@163.com《扬子江诗刊》诗歌双月刊主办:江苏省作家协会投稿邮箱:yzjsk2006@126.com《延安文学》综合双月刊主办:陕西省延安市文学艺术界联合会电子邮箱:yawx1979@vip.163.com《东京文学》综合月刊主办:河南省开封市文联投稿邮箱:djwxzz@sina.com《西藏文学》综合双月刊主办:西藏文联投稿邮箱:xzwx1234@126.com《辽河》综合双月刊主办:辽宁省营口市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:lyeu2006@126.com《岁月·燕赵诗刊》诗歌年刊主办:黑龙江省大庆市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:yanzhaoshikan@163.com《散文世界》散文双月刊主办:中华伏羲文化研究会文艺创作专业委员会投稿邮箱sanwenshijie2009@163.com《赤水魂》综合双月刊主办:云南省镇雄县文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:chishuihun@126.com《永善文学》综合双月刊主办:云南省永善县文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:yswx2007@163.com《阳光》综合月刊主办:中国煤矿文化艺术联合会投稿邮箱:ygmag@126.com《红豆》综合月刊主办:广西南宁市文联投稿邮箱:hddqxx@163.com《伊犁河》综合双月刊主办:新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:ylhzzs2009@163.com《山花》综合半月刊主办:贵州省文联投稿邮箱:gzshanhua2008@126.com《安徽文学》综合月刊主办:安徽省文联投稿邮箱:changpianxiaoshuo@vip.163.com《散文海外版》散文双月刊主办:百花文艺出版社投稿邮箱:swhwb@sina.com《厦门文学》综合月刊主办:福建省厦门文学院投稿邮箱:xmwenxue@126.com《青年文学》综合半月刊主办:中国青年出版总社投稿邮箱:qnwx1981@126.com《山西文学》综合月刊主办:山西省作家协会投稿邮箱:SXWX2002@163.com《上海文学》综合月刊主办:上海市作家协会投稿邮箱:shanghaiwenxue@126.com《四川文学》综合月刊主办:四川省作家协会投稿邮箱:scwx2@163.com《小说林》小说双月刊主办:黑龙江省哈尔滨文艺杂志社投稿邮箱:XiaoShuoLin0451@163.com《天池小小说》小说月刊主办:延边人民出版社投稿邮箱:ybtianchi@163.com《短小说》小说月刊主办:江苏省淮安市文联投稿邮箱:dxiaoshuo@yahoo.com.cn《短篇小说(原创作品版)》小说月刊主办:吉林省吉林市文联投稿邮箱:shortstory01@sina.com《散文百家》散文月刊主办:河北省作家协会投稿邮箱:swbjzzs@tom.com《诗潮》诗歌月刊主办:辽宁省沈阳市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:shichao2233@sina.com《民族文学》综合双月刊主办:中国作家出版集团投稿邮箱:mzwx@263.net.cn《脊梁》综合月刊主办:湖南省娄底市总工会投稿邮箱:zgldjl@163.com《西部散文家》散文季刊主办:中国西部散文学会投稿邮箱:xibusanwenjia@163.com《诗林》(深圳)诗歌双月刊主办:哈尔滨文艺杂志社投稿邮箱:shilin0755@163.com《诗林》诗歌双月刊主办:哈尔滨文艺杂志社投稿邮箱:Shilin0451@Sina.com《美文》散文半月刊主办:陕西省西安市文联西安建筑科技大学投稿邮箱:meiwen@meiwen.com《天涯》综合双月刊主办:海南省作家协会海南省农垦总公司投稿邮箱:tyzzz@vip.sina.com《骏马》综合双月刊主办:内蒙古呼伦贝尔市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:junmawenxue@163.com( 13 )《作家》综合月刊主办:吉林省作家协会投稿邮箱:ccwriter@263.net《啄木鸟》综合月刊主办:群众出版社投稿邮箱:zmnzz@163.com《诗刊》诗歌半月刊主办:中国作家出版集团投稿邮箱:shikan@vip.sina.com《长江文艺》综合月刊主办:湖北省作家协会投稿邮箱:cjwy1949@yahoo.com《北京文学》综合月刊主办:北京市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:bjwx1@263.net《绿城文学》综合双月刊主办:中国德艺双馨文艺家协会投稿邮箱:LCWXZZ@163.COM《广州文艺》综合月刊主办:广东省广州市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:gzwyzzs@163.com《东方剑》综合月刊主办:上海文艺出版社投稿邮箱:dfjbj@sohu.com《岁月》综合月刊主办:黑龙江省大庆市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:sywxyk@126.com《黄河文学》综合月刊主办:宁夏银川市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:hhwxxs@163.comhhwxsw@163.com《青年作家》 综合月刊主办:四川省成都市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:qnzj1@163.com《满族文学》综合双月刊主办:辽宁省作家协会丹东市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:mzwxxs@126.combr《剑南文学》 综合月刊主办:四川省绵阳市文联投稿邮箱:jnwx@163.com《六盘山》综合双月刊主办:宁夏固原市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:lps_xs@163.comlps_sw@163.com《雪莲》 综合双月刊主办:青海省西宁市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:wlxuelian@sina.com《海燕》综合月刊主办:辽宁省大连市文联投稿邮箱:DLHY2002@163.com《沙地》综合季刊主办:江苏省启东市作家协会投稿邮箱:Shadizazhi@163.com《麒麟》综合双月刊主办:广西来宾市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:lbwenlian@163.com《西湖》综合月刊主办:浙江省杭州市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:xihu472@yahoo.com.cn《延河》综合月刊主办:陕西省作家协会投稿邮箱:yanhewenxue@126.com《椰城》综合月刊主办:海南省海口市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:yecheng0604@126.com《金山》综合月刊主办:江苏省镇江市文联投稿邮箱:jszzs08@qq.com《北极光》综合双月刊主办:大兴安岭地区文联投稿邮箱:bjgxiaoshuo@163.combjgspb@163.com《鸭绿江》 综合月刊主办:辽宁省作家协会投稿邮箱:yljwxyk@126.com《彝良文学》综合双月刊主办:云南省彝良县文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:ylwenxue123@126.com《草原》综合月刊主办:内蒙古自治区文联投稿邮箱:caoyuan1950@126.com《飞天》综合半月刊主办:甘肃省文联投稿邮箱:ftwxx@163.comftwxs@163.com《草地》综合双月刊主办:四川省阿坝州文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:caodi0234585@yahoo.com.cn《江门文艺》综合半月刊主办:广东省江门市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:jmwy16888@126.com《昭通文学》综合双月刊主办:云南省昭通市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:ztwxbjb@163.com《长城》综合双月刊主办:河北省作家协会投稿邮箱:changcheng79@126.com《东风文艺》综合双月刊主办:东风汽车公司投稿邮箱:dfzazi@sina.com《文学界》综合月刊主办:湖南省作家协会投稿邮箱:yuanren106@126.com《福建文学》综合月刊主办:福建省文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:fjwxxs@163.comfjwxsw@163.com《芳草》 综合双月刊主办:湖北省武汉市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:fc82627200@vip.163.com《百花洲》综合双月刊主办:百花洲文艺出版社投稿邮箱:bhz2010@126.com《文苑·经典美文》综合月刊主办:内蒙古新华报业中心投稿邮箱:wy_jdmeiwenyc@163.com《时代文学》综合月刊主办:山东省作家协会投稿邮箱:shidaiwenxue@sina.com(小说)shidaiwenxue@126.com(纪实文学、诗歌)《敦煌》诗歌半年刊主办:甘肃省兰州市敦煌诗歌研究会西北师范大学文史学院甘肃省社会科学院文化研究所投稿邮箱:dhsk2002@126.com《北方文学》[诗歌]bfwx@163.com( 14 )《雪花》[诗歌]jixixuehua@126.com《岁月》[诗歌]sywxyk@sohu.com《诗林》[诗歌]hrbshilin@163.com《辽宁青年》[诗歌]slymao@sina.com或sly@LNYouth.cn《辽河》[诗歌]tougao@liaohewenxue.com《芒种》[诗歌]mzwxyk@sohu.com《鸭绿江》[诗歌]yljwxyk@126.com《满族文学》 [诗歌]manzuwenxue@126.com《大连日报》[诗歌]shaoxungong@163.com《滇池》[诗歌]Dc5bjb6@public.km.yn.cn《时代文学》[诗歌]shidaiwenxue@126.com《新诗文》[诗歌]xsw2484@126.com《福建文学》swl@fjwl.com《安徽文学》ahwx@mail.hf.ah.cn《青春阅读》youthreading@Tom.com《江南》jiangnanzazhi@21cn.com《飞天》组诗ftwxyk@163.com《星星诗歌》xxxbyk@163.com《重庆日报》cqljc@cqrb.cn《攀枝花日报〉pzhrb@163.net诗歌随笔《散文诗世界》sanws@126.com《诗刊《sk1957@vip.163.com《青年文学》qnwx-wx@sohu.com或qnwx@sohu.com《中国铁路文艺》zgtlwy@21cn.net《中国文化报》zhangyu922@sohu.com《中国铁路文学》tlwx-7309@sina.com《芙蓉》yanjiawenl@sina.com《长江文艺》电子邮箱:cjwy1949@sohu.com《散文诗》湖南益阳市sws200412@yahoo.com《荆门日报》[诗歌]hxbhbnest@sina.com《民族诗刊》[诗歌]chinapoetry@msn.com或chinapoetry@sina.com《打工知音》[诗歌]dgdgdsr@sohu.com《黄河》[诗歌]hhzzs20032003@yahoo.com.c《青海湖》[诗歌]zhuln@slof.com《石岩文艺》[诗歌]shinewish2005@126.com《青春》[诗歌]youth-79@163.com《江门文艺·打工诗歌》[宋世安]jmwy-songsa@sohu.com《佛山文艺》[诗歌]sh@dadao.net《打工族诗歌》dxz@dadao.net《心灵知音》[罗德远]87655877@163.COM( 15 )《长安报诗歌》hntql@163.com《常青藤》[美国]ivypoetry@hotmail.com《梅园文学》[欧洲]xueniwriting@yahoo.com.cn《新城市》诗刊linxi209841@163.com《诗词报》[校园诗歌]sgbsnydtksg@163.com[社会诗歌]sgbsnydtkxd@163.com《深圳青年》yehai1023@163.com《上海文学》shwx001@sh163.com或shwx002@sh163.net《天涯》tyzzz@vip.sina.com或tyzzz@0898.net《滇池》[邹昆凌主持]Dc5bjb6@public.km.yn.cn《中国铁路文艺》ZGTLWY@21CN.NET《鸭绿江》[柳云主持]yljwxyk@126.com《边疆文学》kmbjwx@sina.com《广西文学》[诗歌主持冯艳冰]fyb168@21cn.com《芒种》[张启智王霆]mzwxyk@sohu.com或mzwxyk@163.com《朔方》[杨梓] shuofang.nx@eyou.com《长江文艺》[诗歌]cjwy1949@sohu.com《岁月》[诗歌]sywxyk@sohu.com《作品》[诗歌]gzzp2001@21cn.comgdzp2002@21cn.com《红岩》 [诗歌]hongyanzazhishe@sohu.com《延安文学》[诗歌]yawx1979@vip.163.com《雪莲》[诗歌]gq0227@mail.chia.com《山西文学》[诗歌]sxwx2002@163.com《黄河》[诗歌]hhzzs20032003@yahoo.com.cn《福建文学》[诗歌]swl@fjwl.net《东方文学》[诗歌]qj3166272@163.com《广州文艺》[诗歌]gzwyzzs@pub.guangzhou.gd.cn《延安文学》[诗歌]yawx1979@vip.163.com《西湖》xihu472@yahoo.com.cn《作家杂志》[诗歌]editor@writermagazine.com《江河文学》[诗歌]jhwx2005@yahoo.com.cn《北极光》[诗歌]bjg0457@yeah.net《诗潮》[刘川]shichao2233@sina.comr / 《诗选刊》[郁葱]shixuankan@sina.com《人民文学》[诗歌]renminwx@263.net《中学语文学习》zhaowp@1010.com或zhaowp@tom.com《时代作家》LT4600@sohu.com《作家林》tt999@vip.cnhubei.com《创作》杂志zql9801@vip.sina.om《广西文学·青春放歌》fyb168@21cn.com( 16 )《红岩》hongyanzazhishe@sohu.com《揭阳日报》jyrb002@jieyang.gd.cn《南方激情诗人报》aaaaama@sina.com《青春》杂志qingchun@arts.org.cn《人民文学·汉诗》renminwx@263.net《青青世界》aiaizhou2001@163.net《诗歌大典》shigedadian@sohu.com《诗歌月刊》tg@cn44.net《中国诗歌研究》[首都师范大学]tgzy@163.net《海鸥》[台湾余崇生主编]zhongwen@ms35.hinet.net《特区文学》tw1038@163.net《新诗界》xshjgm@sohu.com《中国文化报·离离芳草》小诗zhangyu922@sohu.com《中国作家散文》hbn@chinawriter.org《自由撰稿人》 [雷素芳]zyzgr888@sohu.com《写作·中学版》[田野]hzjyxx*@public.wh.hb.cn《新乡日报晨报》xxrbck3@vip.371.net《情诗季刊》qsjks@sohu.com《散文》sanwen@email.com.cn《文化月刊·诗词版》whyksc@sohu.com《中州诗词》zhsc2003@126.com《中华诗词报》zhscb777@163.com《深圳诗词》szsc@szu.edu.cn《陕西诗词界》shanxishicijie@163.com《长白山诗词》cbsss@sohu.com9《今日火炬》报 lixuheng999@163.com 《语文学习·语言丛谈》sephywxx@seph.com.cn《语文月刊》ywyk@scnu.edu.com《扬子江》[子川]Zrcai@sina.com《安徽文学》月刊392482696@qq.com《柏风》诗刊征稿邮箱guyijinzhi@163.com《百家湖》杂志baijialake@100lake.com《宝山》文学季刊lcq6262@163.com《杯水》诗刊柳苏is200710@163.com《北方周末报》拜雪zkqbx_008@163.com( 17 )《渠县文艺》散文、诗歌、小说投稿邮箱:APP188@163.COM《中联文学》散文、诗歌、小说投稿邮箱:zhonglianwenxue@163.com《中国报告文学》纪实投稿邮箱:zgbgwx2009@126.com《栖居》诗投稿邮箱:nanshanshishe1966@163.com《百家故事》故事投稿邮箱shitou545@126.com《诗江南》投稿邮箱:jnpoem@163.com《羊台山》小说投稿邮箱:xudong75@163.com《国际日报》散文、诗歌、小说投稿邮箱:weichr@yahoo.com
2. fifa足球世界埃德森和纳瓦斯?
FIFA21门将能力排行榜:
1、奥布拉克(马竞,91)
2、阿利松(利物浦,90)
2、特尔施特根(巴萨,90)
4、库尔图瓦(皇马,89)
4、诺伊尔(拜仁,89)
6、埃德森(曼城,88)
6、汉达诺维奇(国米,88)
8、纳瓦斯(巴黎,87)
8、洛里(热刺,87)
8、什琴斯尼(尤文,87)
11、德赫亚(曼联,86)
11、索默(门兴,86)
13、多纳鲁马(AC米兰,85)
13、莱诺(阿森纳,85)
13、古拉西奇(RB莱比锡,85)
16、布尔基(多特蒙德,84)
16、舒梅切尔(莱斯特城,84)
16、帕特里西奥(狼队,84)
16、奥纳纳(阿贾克斯,84)
16、西里古(都灵,84)
3. 监理员证怎么考?
监理员证由各地住房城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会颁发。证书注明专业,省内通用;中国建设教育协会培训颁发的全国监理工程师培训结业证是全国通用的监理上岗证,证书全国通用,不分专业。
考试基本信息
考试介绍
监理员证、专业监理工程师证、注册监理工程师证考试是由各地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构自行组织的,一般多是在当地的市级行政的监理协会申请办理。
监理员和监理工程师的职责和工作内容不一样,监理员是受监理工程师调度的。监理员证分三个等级,分别是监理员证、专业监理工程师证、注册监理工程师证。这些证有公司培训发放的,有建设部发的,有交通部门发放的。
获得监理员证书,永远不可以转为注册监理工程师。注册监理工程师是考得的,报考条件是获得中级职称后三年。监理工程师是职位也是考的资格证,注册监理师,就是说的注册监理I程师,注册过的监理工程师,是过了监理工程师考试,然后注册的。
报名网址
可以通过中国建设教育协会(官网:https://www.ccen.com.cn/)报名监理员考试,培训期满且考试合格颁发《住房和城乡建设领域专业技术管理人员职业培训合格证书》。
专业监理工程师和注册监理工程师皆需要考试才能取得相应证书。
报名条件
1、大学专科及以上学历,建筑、土木、工民建类相关专业。
2、1年以上工程监理工作经验,有助理工程师资格者优先。
3、精通工程监理,工程管理等相关专业知识,了解建筑法、合同法、招投标法等相关法律法规,了解工程概预算相关知识。
4、有较高的判断决策能力,能及时决断,灵活应变,能处理各种矛盾、纠纷,具备良好的协调能力和控制能力。
5、有很好的语言表达、交际沟通能力。
6、责任心强、能吃苦耐劳,能适应经常出差。
报考时间
各省市报名时间并不相同,可在当地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构查询。
考试时间
各省市考试时间并不相同,可在当地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构查询。
科目介绍
《建设工程合同管理》
《建设工程目标控制》
《建设工程监理基本理论与相关法规》
《建设工程监理案例分析》
监理员
大专(包含大专)以上学历+岗位证书(监理员证),其中分:土建、市政、安装、安全等专业。
监理员的工作包括但不限于:
1、在专业监理工程师的指导下开展现场监理工作;
2、检查承包单位投入工程项目的人力、材料、主要设备及其使用、运行状况,并做好检查记录;
3、复核或从施工现场直接获取工程计量的有关数据并签署原始凭证;
4、按设计图及有关标准,对承包单位的工过程或施工工序进行检查和记录,对加工制作及工序施工质量检查结果进行记录;
5、进行旁站监理工作,并做好记录,发现问题及时指出并向专业监理工程师报告;
6、做好监理日记,文件记录做到重点详细、及时完整。
题型和分值
《建设工程合同管理》:单选题:50道,1分/道;多选题:30道,2分/道。满分110分,66分及格。
《建设工程目标控制》:单选题:80道,1分/道;多选题:40道,2分/道。满分160分,96分及格。
《建设工程监理基本理论与相关法规》:单选题:50道,1分/道;多选题:30道,2分/道。满分110分,66分及格。
《建设工程监理案例分析》:案例题:6道,20分/道。满分120分,72分及格。
《建设工程合同管理》合格标准66分(满分110);
《建设工程目标控制》合格标准96分(满分160分);
《建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规》合格标准66分(满分110分);
《建设工程监理案例分析》合格标准72分(满分120分)。
证书领取
一、现场领取
1、个人领证:凭本人有效身份证原件或成绩单领取(成绩单在查询成绩时可以直接打印)。
2、他人(单位)代领:凭代领人及持证人有效身份证原件。(个别省禁止他人代领)
二、邮寄领取
根据各地区人事考试网发布的领证通知,按照相关规定申请证书邮寄,支付邮费后等待证书送上门即可。
监理工程师证书属于注册类证书,取得监理工程师证书的人员,需要注册后方能以监理工程师名义执业。
备考方法
备考考点
监理员证考点
《监理规范》
考点
1.监理规划编写依据
包括:工程建设法律法规和标准、建设工程外部环境调查研究资料、政府批准的工程建设文件、建设工程监理合同文件、建设工程合同、建设单位的合理要求、工程实施过程中输出的有关工程信息。
2.监理规划编写要求
包括:监理规划的基本构成内容应当力求统一;监理规划的内容应具有针对性、指导性和可操作性;监理规划应由总监理工程师组织编制;监理规划应把握工程项目运行脉搏;监理规划应有利于工程监理合同的履行;监理规划的表达方式应当标准化、格式化;监理规划的编制应充分考虑时效性;监理规划经审核批准后方可实施。
3.监理规划主要内容
《建设工程监理规范》GB/T 50319—2013明确规定,监理规划的内容包括:工程概况;监理工作的范围、内容、目标;监理工作依据;监理组织形式、人员配备及进退场计划、监理人员岗位职责;监理工作制度;工程质量控制;工程造价控制;工程进度控制;安全生产管理的监理工作;合同与信息管理;组织协调;监理工作设施。
4.监理规划报审
依据《建设工程监理规范》GB/T 50319—2013,监理规划应在签订建设工程监理合同及收到工程设计文件后编制,在召开第一次工地会议前报送建设单位。
监理规划在编写完成后需要进行审核并经批准。监理单位技术管理部门是内部审核单位,其技术负责人应当签认。监理规划审核的内容主要包括以下几个方面:
(1)监理范围、工作内容及监理目标的审核;
(2)项目监理机构的审核。包括:组织机构、人员配备;
(3)工作计划的审核;
(4)工程质量、造价、进度控制方法的审核;
(5)安全生产管理监理工作内容的审核;
(6)监理工作制度的审核。
专业监理工程师证考点
《监理概论》
监理实施程序及原则
监理合同签订以后,监理企业应按如下监理程序实施建设工程监理:
1、确定项目总监理工程师,成立项目监理机构。
2、编制建设工程监理规划施工阶段的监理规划。
应在签订委托监理合同及收到设计文件后开始编制,完成后必须经监理单位技术负责人审核批准,并应在召开第一次工地会议前报送建设单位。
3、制定各专业监理实施细则
包括下列主要内容:
专业工程的特点、监理工作的流程、监理工作的控制要点及目标值、监理工作的方法及措施。
4、规范化地开展监理工作
监理工作的规范化体现在:工作的时序性、职责分工的严密性、工作目标的确定性。
5、参与验收,签署建设工程监理意见
(6)向业主提交建设工程监理档案资料
监理单位一般应提交:设计变更、工程变更资料,监理指令性文件,各种签证资料等档案资料。
(7)监理工作总结
其一,是向业主提交的监理工作总结
其二,是向监理单位提交的监理工作总结
二、项目监理机构的建立步骤、组织形式及监理人员职责分工
建立步骤(4步)
(1)确定项目监理机构目标
(2)确定监理工作内容
(3)项目监理机构的组织结构设计
(4)选择组织结构形式
合理确定管理层次与管理跨度
项目监理机构中一般应有三个层次:决策层、中间控制层(协调层和执行层)、作业层(操作层)
项目监理机构部门划分
制定岗位职责及考核标准
选派监理人员
制定工作流程和信息流程
注册监理工程师证考点
【考点1】监理业务是指施工阶段的服务。而除了施工阶段以外,其他阶段监理的服务,统统归为相关服务。《法规》专业选择题考点。
实施建设工程监理前,建设单位必须委托具有相应资质的工程监理单位,并以书面形式与工程监理单位订立建设工程监理合同,合同中应包括监理工作的范围、内容、服务期限和酬金,以及双方的义务、违约责任等相关条款。
在订立建设工程监理合同时,建设单位将勘察、设计、保修阶段等相关服务一并委托的,应在合同中明确相关服务的工作范围、内容、服务期限和酬金等相关条款。
【考点2】监理合同中,应明确哪些内容?
工程开工前,建设单位应将工程监理单位的名称,监理的范围、内容和权限及总监理工程师的姓名书面通知施工单位。
《实务》科目中,往往将干扰项写成“监理单位将监理单位名称、监理范围....等内容通知施工单位”。注意通知的主体,是建设单位。
《实务》科目中,解答题问:工程开工前,建设单位将工程监理单位的名称、总监姓名书面通知了施工单位。请问还有哪些信息需要通知?
【注意】是书面不是口头。考试中一般口头都是错的。
在建设工程监理工作范围内,建设单位与施工单位之间涉及施工合同的联系活动,应通过工程监理单位进行。
《实务》中,经常写成“施工单位将索赔意向报告提交建设单位”、“施工单位发现图纸错误,遂汇报给建设单位,让建设单位找设计改图”等等。这些步骤统统是错误的,因为跳过了监理。应先汇报监理,然后监理再汇报建设单位。
实施建设工程监理应遵循以下主要依据:
1、法律法规及工程建设标准;
2、建设工程勘察设计文件;
3、建设工程监理合同及其他合同文件。
监理遵循的依据,《实务》解答题常考默写。《法规》选择题多选也可以。
建设工程监理应实行总监理工程师负责制。
法规考试选择题:建设工程监理实施____负责制?
工程监理单位应公平、独立、诚信、科学地开展建设工程监理与相关服务活动。
监理单位是:公平、独立、诚信、科学。监理从业人员是:公平、独立、服务、科学。
每天要学习多少时间,每周学习多长时间,看完哪些章节,要有个可执行的计划时间,并随时总结自己计划完成情况。
科学的备考方法
快速听完一遍精讲课程,第一遍可以不求甚解,不懂的不要纠结说不定听后面的课自然就理解了,不要妄想全部记住,重要的是在于知道覆盖哪些知识点,建立知识体系。第二遍不懂的知识点要标注出来,回过头来要把不懂知识点各个击破。
1、备考资料:公众号下载视频资料,通过视频资料了解监理考试流程,进几年的题型分布,不需要专门刷精讲视频,也无需单独刷任何老师的视频。
2、阶段一:利用APP刷管理、三控和法规两套真题,目的是针对性的刷一下视频资料。
3、阶段二:管理、三控和法规五年真题刷5遍,频繁出错的进行收藏,5年真题保证得分率95以上,考点掌握率在85以上。
要抓重点进行强化练习,跟着视频学习强化记忆,抓重点各个击破。
真题一定要仔细做完,不懂得要反复听讲解并回顾相应知识点。考前模拟题押题要掐着时间做,确保能全部答完。
如何避免考场失分
不要在试卷上乱写乱画,要在演算纸上进行这一项,这种情况不但不会给自己加分,反而容易失分。这种做法或许你是无心的,可是考试有考试的规矩,会被作为标记进行处理,扣分是小事,判为零分就是大事了。
作答时,字体一定要工整,这样说不定老师会给分数,对于字体不好看的虽然不扣分数,不但影响美观,更影响了老师对你试卷的兴趣,都不想往下看你以后的内容,这样还怎么得高分数,直接影响了你这张试卷的分数,导致不能够通过考试。监理工程师考试主观题在作答时最好要用上教材的专用术语,不要用自己的大白话来回答,没有专业性,得分就不高。
在作答监理工程师试卷时,注意运用一些逻辑,在答题之前回答上是根据哪个文件或者哪个条文进行展开分析,更加有理有据,这样作答更加专业,老师对你的试卷印象也会更加深刻,再者答题时一定要看清题目及题意,切记盲目作答。
公共科目比较简单,基本都是记忆的东西,而决定你成败的是专业课,相对较难,需要计算并理解的比较多,需要重点复习。
在不确定答案的时候先做好标记不要作答,这样就不会随意更改,弄得试卷上乱七八糟,让老师看了头疼。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员证由各地住房城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会颁发。证书注明专业,省内通用;中国建设教育协会培训颁发的全国监理工程师培训结业证是全国通用的监理上岗证,证书全国通用,不分专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSuoUU88eic6oUThDijmVWQ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试基本信息","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKuy22aW4wmQY16OKoSNSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyyAEQcWyUGoqeMUkHND0jh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员证、专业监理工程师证、注册监理工程师证考试","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是由各地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构自行组织的,一般多是在当地的市级行政的监理协会申请办理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCyoU0SUKy48QFJ196pK1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员和监理工程师的职责和工作内容不一样,监理员是受监理工程师调度的。监理员证分三个等级,分别是监理员证、专业监理工程师证、注册监理工程师证。这些证有公司培训发放的,有建设部发的,有交通部门发放的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWk4CQ0qA2W8gcdw8ZQXC3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"获得监理员证书,永远不可以转为注册监理工程师。注册监理工程师是考得的,报考条件是获得中级职称后三年。监理工程师是职位也是考的资格证,注册监理师,就是说的注册监理I程师,注册过的监理工程师,是过了监理工程师考试,然后注册的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCagQGOmE80eC4e1DF7U0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiEgayIsCcmcZrSWC8KSiC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSU0gqGmQW8I04CGhTuR4Te"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报名网址","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyqsmQUg4uqkqCMkvmOCZUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以通过中国建设教育协会(官网:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.ccen.com.cn/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.ccen.com.cn/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")报名监理员考试,培训期满且考试合格颁发《住房和城乡建设领域专业技术管理人员职业培训合格证书》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk26kEYKOuo6IO3WpzMBMB1"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报名网址","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c22b8f4183434550b24fc886330cb9b9","width":1746},"text":"","id":"doxcnyyOScsEeWMa0cfNhqSHInc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业监理工程师和注册监理工程师皆需要考试才能取得相应证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQkaosmYeuWQKWj7azR8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报名条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkI6GYMEekiYqYvshVYgZOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"大学专科及以上学历,建筑、土木、工民建类相关专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngKAcAEcSwqm0kNPwHz425f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、1年以上工程监理工作经验,有助理工程师资格者优先。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksU6YqGsywQMIP2tMASIWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、精通工程监理,工程管理等相关专业知识,了解建筑法、合同法、招投标法等相关法律法规,了解工程概预算相关知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyymEEmUUs6Ika0Ixof8S7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、有较高的判断决策能力,能及时决断,灵活应变,能处理各种矛盾、纠纷,具备良好的协调能力和控制能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwcSuggS4w4qULhFaYiajc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、有很好的语言表达、交际沟通能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuiaQI8W2IAc0agp4Bw81Rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、责任心强、能吃苦耐劳,能适应经常出差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00aiwSYOiii06Z2MMinoxb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni8S40OqSS6MawbLRvJyjTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各省市报名时间并不相同,可在当地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构查询","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQega4osq68StOnoB8NRGM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCg04E2ucWmMeotiRJfNVTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各省市考试时间并不相同,可在当地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构查询。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkuoqAiOAUMo6yzYYlwsJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwyOs8WQmoGyovCtxHzYCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程合同管理》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCSmeuqkCKo0is7ccmifDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程目标控制》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMyMAme4k0GWK810oHAqlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理基本理论与相关法规》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncEUqMiWEGg2qk7h5KDDKZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理案例分析》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAGi6YeQuicC66xxD8Y0sId"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0IKCAciUy2qYtRSjf25fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大专(包含大专)以上学历+岗位证书(监理员证),其中分:土建、市政、安装、安全等专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgUSiG4660q28egivHrXJ1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员的工作包括但不限于:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Yoea8S8YseocPmHTECp6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在专业监理工程师的指导下开展现场监理工作;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8U0gieKMGK8Q0GBsOrcSZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、检查承包单位投入工程项目的人力、材料、主要设备及其使用、运行状况,并做好检查记录;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66yYe0GMISUeoDcLfKcxbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、复核或从施工现场直接获取工程计量的有关数据并签署原始凭证;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM8ayguOcKS2Esjwp9cfUDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、按设计图及有关标准,对承包单位的工过程或施工工序进行检查和记录,对加工制作及工序施工质量检查结果进行记录;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2gwe6WY8ksIuqY77nKNaKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、进行旁站监理工作,并做好记录,发现问题及时指出并向专业监理工程师报告;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEKgMCM8c4Og46JN2oDfx6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、做好监理日记,文件记录做到重点详细、及时完整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKMaaYCCcYO8gA958uKd6TT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"题型和分值","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0ceSqQ6wiyAugvG1S0myc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程合同管理》:单选题:50道,1分/道;多选题:30道,2分/道。满分110分,66分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIIOY0UayygGWGgTsSD7lbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程目标控制》:单选题:80道,1分/道;多选题:40道,2分/道。满分160分,96分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAsIsSi2Oio8mqgHf8Zo4Mg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理基本理论与相关法规》:单选题:50道,1分/道;多选题:30道,2分/道。满分110分,66分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6YWuQ2Em6guM41GaqSTWS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理案例分析》:案例题:6道,20分/道。满分120分,72分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ0qQeuQGiImI6DIPbVEAke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程合同管理》合格标准66分(满分110);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOMGyOuksKq8wBsVJkeHOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程目标控制》合格标准96分(满分160分);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgCssyKmC2WamE8sZVAxAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规》合格标准66分(满分110分);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnek2iUSU6AuKWstpKdTNcwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理案例分析》合格标准72分(满分120分)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqQegQE2GKa2Cae2a25bOc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE04gGGgy0OeQ6PrH3P6njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、现场领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmiYuQywMO6iOIpXfREPK7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、个人领证:凭本人有效身份证原件或成绩单领取(成绩单在查询成绩时可以直接打印)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn686Eku8Y4WycCsMsswtVNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、他人(单位)代领:凭代领人及持证人有效身份证原件。(个别省禁止他人代领)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8G86MqkK2kOAk9PBFZGmyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、邮寄领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncSkkMsWAEy0WyqKAWxu3ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据各地区人事考试网发布的领证通知,按照相关规定申请证书邮寄,支付邮费后等待证书送上门即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkyUQc8IIwCYOmWNZoq4gIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理工程师证书属于注册类证书,取得监理工程师证书的人员,需要注册后方能以监理工程师名义执业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2KUMIGEaE8oSeNAhgtHbh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8kyiwmeuQu8yQ5PcRvYvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6ceKCMgye4KaCu7KIKM0Gc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员证考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYYImsO604AS8I1MSJcr71f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《监理规范》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSuwkYSaC0oiUSocCKmRHxQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80qqa2e4WmOEYrOuybCY5W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.监理规划编写依据","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOMgIsIIIeWgOAJac8T1fe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包括:工程建设法律法规和标准、建设工程外部环境调查研究资料、政府批准的工程建设文件、建设工程监理合同文件、建设工程合同、建设单位的合理要求、工程实施过程中输出的有关工程信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUguyeuuSCi0manMXky9Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.监理规划编写要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYy6qi0CqcuW2YTYLqK9w5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包括:监理规划的基本构成内容应当力求统一;监理规划的内容应具有针对性、指导性和可操作性;监理规划应由总监理工程师组织编制;监理规划应把握工程项目运行脉搏;监理规划应有利于工程监理合同的履行;监理规划的表达方式应当标准化、格式化;监理规划的编制应充分考虑时效性;监理规划经审核批准后方可实施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQkoaAioUOMWOEdGmDyVpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.监理规划主要内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOs2ioQuYwmYiqwt9oUWvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理规范》GB/T 50319—2013明确规定,监理规划的内容包括:工程概况;监理工作的范围、内容、目标;监理工作依据;监理组织形式、人员配备及进退场计划、监理人员岗位职责;监理工作制度;工程质量控制;工程造价控制;工程进度控制;安全生产管理的监理工作;合同与信息管理;组织协调;监理工作设施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG4CmQsyeM0miATWlgM4hYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.监理规划报审","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQoaOaM0wO2Ql5tEKe84sx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"依据《建设工程监理规范》GB/T 50319—2013,监理规划应在签订建设工程监理合同及收到工程设计文件后编制,在召开第一次工地会议前报送建设单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGS8y4sKkMco6ExAbJ0UNRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理规划在编写完成后需要进行审核并经批准。监理单位技术管理部门是内部审核单位,其技术负责人应当签认。监理规划审核的内容主要包括以下几个方面:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnymEAwgKUAacEU7Y6gTbF3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)监理范围、工作内容及监理目标的审核;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8GEMeA8MAyYAHq4MYaphc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)项目监理机构的审核。包括:组织机构、人员配备;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksIayyG2mQsCYB5mJB5ovb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)工作计划的审核;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngCEWaeuYqs8MoP5AME9Hig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)工程质量、造价、进度控制方法的审核;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWY4gKw2EeaOsaYHeLTUhTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)安全生产管理监理工作内容的审核;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00cYiASie2OSazySkHovkj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)监理工作制度的审核。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKyisk4eYUICkamUAFFXLwg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业监理工程师证考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnySQiO2ogKYM4CAoqWye76f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《监理概论》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4oOeaQUAKkkO4TawYGj0Hg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"监理实施程序及原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgU2w6oOkOu8uEEkuTXuyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理合同签订以后,监理企业应按如下监理程序实施建设工程监理:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmuQCkOmqmGKUOuyomebTwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"确定项目总监理工程师,成立项目监理机构。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamm4WQEQIkQqicRzgeLY3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、编制建设工程监理规划施工阶段的监理规划。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8UGOYeioCoKIlC1sDv3Eb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"应在签订委托监理合同及收到设计文件后开始编制,完成后必须经监理单位技术负责人审核批准,并应在召开第一次工地会议前报送建设单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqoKuCQwQi4CC46TTqUCaTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、制定各专业监理实施细则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2260kw46uEC2yW6hdHSULd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包括下列主要内容:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0OKq6SCSs8IoYlrUtkl1cg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业工程的特点、监理工作的流程、监理工作的控制要点及目标值、监理工作的方法及措施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnywIm820qMIgmMpeLtHA9Ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、规范化地开展监理工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06UKYak84k6Oao4abMT2Vz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理工作的规范化体现在:工作的时序性、职责分工的严密性、工作目标的确定性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQAOQ4YiCK8uInQmk3aaMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、参与验收,签署建设工程监理意见","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4em6s6gOOA8kZHRdDXrHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)向业主提交建设工程监理档案资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniScOKugqEEIowndSwnFPOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理单位一般应提交:设计变更、工程变更资料,监理指令性文件,各种签证资料等档案资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06QyGwyOs8ACoXRbYNolpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)监理工作总结 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU22OYoeUq8C2iO7ZtCvJYp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其一,是向业主提交的监理工作总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO86UUMaQcGuWuOnjpCacbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其二,是向监理单位提交的监理工作总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEOAyaWU42e4stQzBb1OZu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、项目监理机构的建立步骤、组织形式及监理人员职责分工","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkM84yOS6KGyGMBCES9HRLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建立步骤(4步) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAUSi8AikcqQUxeWGzkeTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)确定项目监理机构目标","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuMmCWOIK4qiU5piLaX6he"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)确定监理工作内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwgi6Oa8SoaAA3We2iTmMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)项目监理机构的组织结构设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48uU4SW0WEOkKgmC0w7H0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)选择组织结构形式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWasIo6YweMq6Ubaccgq1ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"合理确定管理层次与管理跨度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6ygsu4ee0i8wErjka9iGKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"项目监理机构中一般应有三个层次:决策层、中间控制层(协调层和执行层)、作业层(操作层)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24aQiyucO8CW4KWTFPIJTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"项目监理机构部门划分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uEIUKGkoeWGIDypuWzlMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制定岗位职责及考核标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cSIwIyk2mAkwZ6NUFEkeh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选派监理人员 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6YA4Eyy20yW0yZFyiTtqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制定工作流程和信息流程 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncemqkiOCkSwQGCM7hdyy1c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注册监理工程师证考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuqUGOgm0oG6eSWn4YtdJJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【考点1】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"监理业务是指施工阶段的服务。而除了施工阶段以外,其他阶段监理的服务,统统归为相关服务。《法规》专业选择题考点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04cwSSKuC82WwREK46MZZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实施建设工程监理前,建设单位必须委托具有相应资质的工程监理单位,并以书面形式与工程监理单位订立建设工程监理合同,合同中应包括监理工作的范围、内容、服务期限和酬金,以及双方的义务、违约责任等相关条款。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniK80Syg8OkKkm8fAp5AFYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在订立建设工程监理合同时,建设单位将勘察、设计、保修阶段等相关服务一并委托的,应在合同中明确相关服务的工作范围、内容、服务期限和酬金等相关条款。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQs6mwoMkU4eI6fu0f8xXue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【考点2】监理合同中,应明确哪些内容?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng26cqg2SgSW8mLTdqsm4rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工程开工前,建设单位应将工程监理单位的名称,监理的范围、内容和权限及总监理工程师的姓名书面通知施工单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqWQ04EGYwyMQBc5Ul6F9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《实务》科目中,往往将干扰项写成“监理单位将监理单位名称、监理范围....等内容通知施工单位”。注意通知的主体,是建设单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKKQgcymayOUeIezjvpRJJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《实务》科目中,解答题问:工程开工前,建设单位将工程监理单位的名称、总监姓名书面通知了施工单位。请问还有哪些信息需要通知?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0qEsAUGE6QoKcglKkq7eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【注意】是书面不是口头。考试中一般口头都是错的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeQ2QOa0qqgeiDt1gSYOpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在建设工程监理工作范围内,建设单位与施工单位之间涉及施工合同的联系活动,应通过工程监理单位进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWs0camUgmkWo7unK1zkjsp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《实务》中,经常写成“施工单位将索赔意向报告提交建设单位”、“施工单位发现图纸错误,遂汇报给建设单位,让建设单位找设计改图”等等。这些步骤统统是错误的,因为跳过了监理。应先汇报监理,然后监理再汇报建设单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUu6g68KWCcGsZR77Rwalc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实施建设工程监理应遵循以下主要依据:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWiasOIMSiwqyA9EKNzStd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、法律法规及工程建设标准;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYW26easYwqiYzKH8QNRkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、建设工程勘察设计文件;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GSGmuygECKSl47Qyyy4zi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、建设工程监理合同及其他合同文件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAME26AgqqIiQaqUio0AFhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理遵循的依据,《实务》解答题常考默写。《法规》选择题多选也可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKc8keEs4eaII6LMbvj164e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建设工程监理应实行总监理工程师负责制。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYIqgieUwOA4OkjWERlTUPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"法规考试选择题:建设工程监理实施____负责制?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCWyKC2aSkcySG6LJFAOFVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工程监理单位应公平、独立、诚信、科学地开展建设工程监理与相关服务活动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQo4cCYMcq64YdDmyDLnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理单位是:公平、独立、诚信、科学。监理从业人员是:公平、独立、服务、科学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2qwMUegKqOqusfcHclnAmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天要学习多少时间,每周学习多长时间,看完哪些章节,要有个可执行的计划时间,并随时总结自己计划完成情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoEyCIOCgeA6GeeFP4fGuPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科学的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcGwym0UKMM4Om2FRSQ4Ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速听完一遍精讲课程,第一遍可以不求甚解,不懂的不要纠结说不定听后面的课自然就理解了,不要妄想全部记住,重要的是在于知道覆盖哪些知识点,建立知识体系。第二遍不懂的知识点要标注出来,回过头来要把不懂知识点各个击破。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUOqmOey0siAOoG8C2uYAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、备考资料:公众号下载视频资料,通过视频资料了解监理考试流程,进几年的题型分布,不需要专门刷精讲视频,也无需单独刷任何老师的视频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqQI6ku2YAqmoN0H4KAaef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、阶段一:利用APP刷管理、三控和法规两套真题,目的是针对性的刷一下视频资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekU46mYccwyAgbXbzt6cHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、阶段二:管理、三控和法规五年真题刷5遍,频繁出错的进行收藏,5年真题保证得分率95以上,考点掌握率在85以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4m0MeOmuiOoCCJqLTB5Ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要抓重点进行强化练习,跟着视频学习强化记忆,抓重点各个击破。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqYESe6ukwgMHZoedywKk3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"真题一定要仔细做完,不懂得要反复听讲解并回顾相应知识点。考前模拟题押题要掐着时间做,确保能全部答完。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugwYamEiA2QEIJRt0q6iYb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何避免考场失分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqUYoEOsoK8oAY7R1NIAxjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不要在试卷上乱写乱画,要在演算纸上进行这一项,这种情况不但不会给自己加分,反而容易失分。这种做法或许你是无心的,可是考试有考试的规矩,会被作为标记进行处理,扣分是小事,判为零分就是大事了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw88qewsewUQkQBXT9Y4cDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作答时,字体一定要工整,这样说不定老师会给分数,对于字体不好看的虽然不扣分数,不但影响美观,更影响了老师对你试卷的兴趣,都不想往下看你以后的内容,这样还怎么得高分数,直接影响了你这张试卷的分数,导致不能够通过考试。监理工程师考试主观题在作答时最好要用上教材的专用术语,不要用自己的大白话来回答,没有专业性,得分就不高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWYcuKikeCEM83lBdZsXNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在作答监理工程师试卷时,注意运用一些逻辑,在答题之前回答上是根据哪个文件或者哪个条文进行展开分析,更加有理有据,这样作答更加专业,老师对你的试卷印象也会更加深刻,再者答题时一定要看清题目及题意,切记盲目作答。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqsYyiYoc28yyGS70xC1he"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共科目比较简单,基本都是记忆的东西,而决定你成败的是专业课,相对较难,需要计算并理解的比较多,需要重点复习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCK4Mu6AoYIoQAHU5tKSQUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在不确定答案的时候先做好标记不要作答,这样就不会随意更改,弄得试卷上乱七八糟,让老师看了头疼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIQumEeIIS2SSSWX0QSFmMh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E4. 谁能给个实况一球成名介绍及攻略详细?
之前写过一篇类似的文章。不过那时只打了两个赛季。很多地方都存在误区。上午开完会闲来无事重写一篇关于一球成名模式的详细攻略。如有不对地方欢迎指正。对此模式无爱者全当我灌水了。篇幅较长。希望大家耐心看完。
本人第一个赛季使用的难度为大师级,第二个赛季开始使用最高难度,相比较下最高难度队友的防守能力有所减弱,这可能是为了更突出玩家在球队中的作用。确实本作有很弊病,假射无敌、个别超人等,但怎么玩法是玩家自己选的,毕竟足球是11个人的运动,对于个别超人,梅西C罗这几个在玩家手里也许会成为超人,但在一球成模式中由AI控制并非不可阻挡,反而我感觉电脑AI在局部突破和控制型盘带上有很多可供玩家借鉴和学习的地方。
当你能合理的跑位,协调的控制比赛节奏,主导本队的进攻和防守时,哪怕一脚美妙的传球,也比那种使用超人疯狂过人得分要震撼的多的多。足球是否功利,是由球员来决定的,想把它还原真实,在一球成名模式中就可以实现,至少我这么认为。
一、自建球员
1、球员的身高、体重、体型、国籍对球员属性没有任何影响。有相机或者有PS3摄像头的朋友可以把自己的脸型做模。最好选白天光线好的时候。不然太暗导进去不太清楚。然后按自己身高、体型来做成球员。增强代入感。至于国籍。如果你想在国家赛事上有斩获。玩专家级以上难度的就别选中国队了。最多只能打打预选赛。国家队的表现很大程度上决定了世界足球先生的归属。不然打的再好也只能进入世界最佳阵容。
2、选择球员位置根据自己的喜好进行选择。但选定的位置只能说是你最擅长的位置。各俱乐部和国家队的教练还是会根据球队实际情况来给你安排位置。这点在你转会合同上会详细标明俱乐部需要你打的几个位置。各球队要求你打的位置各不相同。所以想练出多个位置的朋友在转会时可以根据合同上标明的位置来选择。
PS:虽然没有门将、后卫这些位置的选择。但并非不能练出这些位置。我同事玩的后腰在两个赛季后练出铲球和贴身逼抢特技后转会马赛打起来中后卫和边后卫的位置,这和防守意识属性、速度、平衡和弹跳头球属性可能有一定关系。当然。目前门将还是无法实现的。
3、不用怀疑,身高体壮的优势非常明显,特别在最高难度下前几个赛季能让你保证良好的成长曲线的也只有先天的身体素质。但尊重事实和对代入感口味偏纯的朋友请无视我这段话了。
二、天赋,决定命运
1、WE2008最关键的是球员的身体,身强体壮速度快的球员犹如噩梦般存在,身体弱的球员在一次身体接触后就优势全无。WE2009变为了敏捷,梅西、C罗这类敏捷高动作频率快的球员要明显优于托雷斯、兰帕德这类技术力量的结合体,这其中敏捷属性成了关键。
球员的位置会改变敏捷属性的随机范围,下面我把各位置球员敏捷的随机值一一列出供大家参考。
中锋 影锋 边锋 前腰 边前卫 后腰
敏捷 74~80 74~80 82~88 74~80 82~88 83~89
综合来说,自建球员的敏捷天赋底子还是非常不错的,也就是说有成为天才球员的天赋,其他白板?不要怕,咱有敏捷垫着。
2、最关键的部分---球探赛,也就是第一场比赛。之前在这方面我存在一个误区,也就是根据球探赛的评分在你所选定位置的球员属性间进行随机。事实上经过我多次开档后发现这是个错误。真正影响随机属性的并非球探赛的评分,而是你场上的表现,或者说,你球探赛的每一个细节。根据上面的敏捷随机值你会发现,球探赛后每种能力均有1~6点的上升和下降,比如短传失误多了,就有可能短传精度会下降!射门成功率高射门精度射门技巧就会上升!如果你想拥有一个任意球大师的天赋底子,就得抓住球探赛的任意球机会把球射在门框范围内。但记住,这些只是天赋的基础,你不可能在17岁时就随出80+的技术属性,那样游戏也就没有多大乐趣可言了。
初始较高的属性,大多是先天素质和身体素质,以下一一举例:
A。体 力----完全透支体力可以达到80以上,后腰体力下限最高,中锋体力下限最低
B。极限速度----比赛全程多用全速跑和RT+RB的大步趟球,可以达到80+,边路位置下限高,中路位置下限底。
C。启动速度----活用急停变向加速和侧身带球大幅度变向加速,这项能力想随到+6比较难,同样边路位置下限高(74左右,发挥完美可以到达80),中路位置下限低,70左右。
D。带球速度----基本和极限速度挂勾而不属于技术属性,同样边路位置下限高,中路位置下限底。
E。进攻欲望----和敏捷一样属无法成长属性,但对于玩家控制的球员来说这属性无关紧要,所以不做解释。只是是锋线位置此属性太底,有可能被教练放到中场打其他位置。
F。心理素质----目前该属性的具体作用还不能确定,可能和临场发挥有一定关系。各位置的下限均在
74~76之间,随的好能到80。
三、成长,由你做主
1、不要单纯把一球成名模式的球员成长和大师联赛的球员培养划上等号,两者完全不同。大师联赛的球员培养是根据比赛的表现和评分及球员潜力来进行的,在大体上该球员是龙是虫什么类型从系统刷出来就已经确定下来了,而一球成名模式因为引入了“成长”这个新系统,所以其结果完全由你来决定的。也就是说12点的成长点数分配,决定了球员三分之二的成长之路和最终的类型,剩下三分之一则由你比赛的表现来决定。
根据球员天赋特点,来决定发展方向是十分重要的,这里每个人的思路各不相同,我抛砖引玉举出三个方案。
A.以身体素质为主-----比较适用于中锋、边锋、边前卫、后腰这几个位置。在前三个赛季也就是20岁之前,速度、平衡、力量上各投入四点,其他方面无视,然后再根据自己喜好和位置发展。
速度影响到极限速度、启动速度、盘带速度这几个指标,力量影响到弹跳、头球、射门力量这几个指标,平衡影响到身体平衡、反应这几个指标。经过三个赛季的培养能达球星标准,球员使用起来也会更加顺手一些。
B.以技术属性为主-----比较适用于前锋、前腰、影锋这几个位置。前三个赛季在传射、控球、平衡各投入四点,其他方面无视,然后根据自己喜好和位置发展。
传射影响到长传、短传、射门精度和技巧,控球影响盘带精度、控球技术(也就是以前的技术),平衡影响到身体平衡、反应。
C.全面平衡性发展-----合适各个位置,每个属性各放两点,也就是所谓的一人一口。体力90左右差不多可以胜任全场比赛,那时可以腾出两点来放到你想加强的属性上。
这样做的好处当然是全面均衡发展,球员全面,但是成效缓慢,球员到25岁左右才能略成气候。
2.球员成长来自两个经验,一个是成长经验一个是比赛经验,每场比赛经验虽然较少0~2点但是积少成多,绝对不能忽视。比赛经验来自你临场的发挥,而并非评分,举个例子说一场比赛你传球多有可能得到2点加成,传球少或失误太多就什么也得不到,根据本人经验,比赛经验的获得和最佳球员无关,全场比赛传球发挥不好哪怕是最佳球员,在比赛结束后传球那里红色的比赛经验条是看不到的。
PS:本作的评分系统是根据进球助攻及技战术发挥(间接助攻、威胁球、门柱球、解围、抢断等)来进行判断,但比赛经验则是完全根据你临场技术属性的使用频率和使用效果来决定的。
K社的这个评分系统有其弊端,也有其好处。每个玩家不同玩法很容易在其培养的球员身上显示出来,我在线上已经看到了不下十个21岁就极限速度、盘带速度95左右的球员,但技术属性一片惨白,特别是配合,有的才60多(带的太多传的太少-_-),也看过个别20岁左右速度一般,80+左右,但传球就到达85~90左右的(爱传球的好同志),一个朋友培养的另类21岁192CM的高中锋,虽然其他方面惨了点,但弹跳头球竟然已经到了93(木头桩子),据说一个赛季一半的进球来头球。
3.特技的养成,网上曾有一篇关于PES2009的文章,大致列出培养出相关特技所需要的技能属性标准,但根据自己和身边朋友的经验,对WE2009来说未必准确。
A。射手天份这个特技比较容易习得,连续5~10场比赛都能取得2~3个进球,就算射门属性一片白板也可习得,单刀射手需要一定的单刀进球率,如果玩的难度偏低也比较容易习得,这两个特技都可以大幅度提高射门的准确率,类似于隐藏属性。
PS:每个赛季初都可以变更游戏的难度,虽然不推荐这么做,但感觉难度太大的朋友在前几个赛技可以考虑略微调整游戏难度。但需要注意的是专家以下难度的成长和比赛经验只有50%。
B.盘带类的属性同样可以根据临场发挥练出,但组织盘带这个特技比较难练出,有达人练出麻烦说下心得。C。司令塔和传球手的特技能练出难度较大,同城一个朋友在20岁时练出了司令塔,据说一个赛季助攻数达30+,且每场比赛传球数均在30+,看来他的踢法有很大关系。
D.铲球特技和贴身逼强特技需要一定的身体平衡,这点已经证实,同样需要一定的铲球和抢断数。
E.其他特技还未研究出来,欢迎大家回帖指出培养方法。
四、成名之路,俱乐部的选择
1、不同的俱乐部可以导致你截然不同的成名之路,不要怀疑,这里和现实一样。不同的俱乐部财力、战术、打法和人员配置各有不同。
PS:如果你喜欢现实球队俱乐部的人员配置原状,请把转会频率调低,否则几个赛季后很多球队就物是人非。本作英超球队的财力是一流的,不光是切尔西、曼联、阿森纳几大豪门,纽卡、热刺等中游球队也是如此,如果你的转会频率调的是最高,很快意甲、荷超、法甲的明星球员会尽数被挖来。
如果你是意甲的球迷,说句不太中听的话,除非是米兰双雄,其他球队包括罗马、尤文等都不合适你发展,特别是前几个赛季。意甲球队本作比较穷困,而且会经常把球队曾经老臣买回来使用,这倒是次要。要命的是意甲大多球队打的都是361或者541长传+反击流,初期素质不强的时候会让玩家觉得异常吃力。
PS:拉奇奥、亚特兰大的球迷别拿板砖扔我,经我亲身体会,这两只队伍打法落伍,球员强弱差次不齐,教练用人怪异,而且球队主力不断流失,劝君转会时慎重再慎重。
初期合适发展的小球会推荐(因为初期也只有小球队会签你)
意甲:雷吉纳。切沃。
西甲:贝蒂斯。
法甲:欧赛尔。雷恩
英超:维甘竞技。曼城。热刺。
荷超:AZ。阿尔克马尔。
2、根据自己所玩的实际位置来选择你想转会的俱乐部是最明智的做法,特别是报价的俱乐部提供的位置是你想打的或是你想练出的位置。电脑教练用人的规则一般是派你首发上场让你打的是你开始设定的位置,替补上场打的是次要位置,但次要位置发挥的好一定场次就可以让你习得新位置。
五、临场发挥,一球成名
不要把以往模式的经验用在一球成名上,很多经验并不适用,以往的模式除你控制的球员外,其他十人都是根据电脑的AI和球员属性进行自动跑位,而现在完全反了过来。如何合理的利用电脑AI帮助你在比赛中取得更好的成绩,个人有个人的经验。这里我主要介绍的是前几个赛季的一些个人经验,待25岁以后拥有球星的底子以后,发挥就可以随意很多了。
PS:个人认为远宽视角+雷达辅助是比较好的选择,赛场动态更直观,当然主视角的代入感比较纯正,但视野不够开阔。
1、活用双击RT的要球。
电脑毕竟是电脑,它不可能在每个恰当的位置给你传出舒服的球,而且每个球员的配合属性、状态各有不同,所以如何活用要球功能非常重要。
在高速奔跑状态下,你最好处在空档并且防守球员距你三个身位以上向队友要球,因为初期你的控球各项技术指标较低,很容易丢球。例如,传球打在后脚跟上-_-
PS:不要过多抱怨AI传球意识差。先从自己的跑位路线找找原因。当然电脑控制的球员根据配合能力影响也有关系。当你的配合属性和队友连携慢慢提高后。即使相隔半场前插要球。只要跑位合理。配合指数高的队友也会在后场以一个华丽的大范围转移把皮球送到你脚下。同样。在禁区内混战时如果你处于空档。时刻提防队友冷不丁塞过来一个球。到时别措手不及。
2、非空档处,接到传球后先努力护住球
根据接球时的实际情况,首先要及时护住脚下的皮球。初期最好多用内脚背护球,不要轻易使用放开护球转身,处理空中球尽量用头部或胸部先将球停下。
3、不要轻易脱离自己的位置,特别是打边路位置的球员。很多人为了进球基本是全场自由人,追着球跑,这样不但耗费体力,还会造成本方阵型散乱,队友AI降低。因为很多时候你跑动的位置干扰了队友对传球路线的判断,导致AI只能继续带导致丢球或者盲目长传,有时大范围的横传转移是由守转攻的契机,但如果你司职边路却脱离你负责的范围太远,队友想转移也找不到人,只能继续向防守重心处盘带或传球,一旦丢球,对方一个转移而你负责的边路完全真空,那后防就很危险了。
PS:逐步减少使用自动防守功能的次数。因其追着球跑的特性。会导致很多无意义的跑动而丢失自己的位置。在最高难度下自动防守只有两种作用。不是被对方戏耍就是抢队友的球或和队友撞在一起导致丢球。至于自动跑位功能。设置里关了它吧。对你没任何帮助。
4、节奏,比赛的关键。在比赛中,学会慢慢把握球队攻击和防守的节奏,不要轻易打乱球队的节奏。
例子1。球队正从右翼开始反击,球传到你脚下,边前卫或边后卫已经插上,前锋已经就位,而这时你一味控球突破,就会放慢本方的进攻节奏,一旦丢球,后防就岌岌可危了。正确的做法是在本方快节奏反击时准确的找到空档一脚出球,保持球队的节奏不在你这里紊乱。
例子2.本方从正路开始进攻,对方防守队员已经快速回防,防守阵型已经落位,也就是没有多少空档可以传。这时球到你脚下后,不要着急往前传,先把球控制下来,回传或者向两边转移一下然后找合适的方向前插,待对方在度压上时要球。
例子3.很多人抱怨最高难度下本队的防守太差,其实如果你合理的把握节奏,可以给本方的防守提供很多帮助。最简单的就是在对方由守转攻的时候贴身逼抢拿球队员或贴身防守对方处于空档的球员,封堵对方的传球路线,这样对方的节奏马上就慢了下来,进攻的威力也就减弱。有时合理的铲球哪怕犯规也是延缓节奏的一个好办法。
PS:不要太独。以为整体考虑的心态上场比赛。特别是一些杯赛。别因为自己原因导致球队出局。不要吝啬传球。哪怕是过渡一下或者间接助攻。虽然你无法得到助攻数和进球数。但为了更快成长最简单的办法就是在一个赛季打更多的比赛。而且杯赛走的更远可以让你名利双收。
5、做好赛前准备。在赛前要大概掌握本队球员的技术特点、状态。例如前锋是哪种类型,速度快的可以多给直塞,高中锋可以多传中让他争顶,也可以在禁区前沿让他拿球或跟他做二过一,状态差的球员尽量不少喂球,很容易丢-_-,同时要注意自己的状态,状态差就保守点多传多防守争取稳定发挥,状态好就激情点尽量寻找机会进攻。这些看每个人玩游戏的态度,至少我觉得15分钟一场的比赛,赛前花1分钟做这些准备工作还是值得的。
6、进球、助攻是提高比赛表现最好的方法,也是你获得稳定位置和转会心仪俱乐部的最大砝码。
A.如果身材高大的球员,定位球和角球时尽量站前点争顶,如果对方有人盯防你,可以移动到弧顶处,待球马上发出时再前冲争顶,本作头球的进球机率还是蛮高的。
B。处理单刀球或无人防守球,我们的口号是来一个进一个!毕竟前期能力偏低这种机会并不多,需要牢靠的把握机会。单刀球用假射扣过门将是很好的方法,但是注意距离门将2~3个身位就要做动作了,不然以前期的盘带精度很容易错失得分机会。禁区内的搓射很好用,但是需要一定的射门精度,至少要70以上。
C.在防守球员距离你有3个身位以上的时候,尽量微操作调整把球员控在有利足上。左脚球员右路的射门,右脚球员左路的射门都比较精准。射门力量不要超过三分之一,不然以前期的精确度十有八九打飞,低平球就算被扑出还有补射和角球的机会。
D.传中和上面类似,左脚球员左路传中,右脚球员右路传中,这应该是足球的基本常识。如果你行进的不是自己有利足的边路,找机会内切后调整到有利足再传,毕竟自建球员的逆足精度比较低。活用传中的高弧度传中,特别是中路有队友高速插上的时候。如果队友在前点,那就用半高球或者低平球传中,机会更大一点。在长传转移时尽量是用传中,力度一半左右比较精准。内切后的传球助攻,也非常有效,但注意如果你需要传后点的队友,那内切后按住传球键。
E.抢点射门和禁区外远射在前期尽量少使用,我前期抢点后基本是传球的,还可以造成门前混乱。如果有很好的机会禁区弧顶处无人防守拿球,送开方向键停球然后轻拨,用三分之一的力度抽一脚,运气好还能打门将个出奇不意,但动作需要连贯,太慢了门将有准备就没意义了。
PS:前插抢点不要和队友包抄同一个点。如果队友在前你就尽量寻找后点或第二落点寻找补射机会。这样进攻的效率会更高。进球机会也多。
F。补射是前期拿分的好办法,不过需要慢慢培养判断二次进攻的落点,一般队友斜线射门不是角球就是折射中路,中路打门变数就比较大了,有一定运气成分。但注意直接任意球时判断下罚球队友的有利足罚出弧度,在第二落点经常能拣到便宜。
以上是本人对一球成名模式的一些粗略体会心得,希望对大家有所帮助。这种模式如果算做足球游戏的一种变革,我希望K社在下作能够逐渐完善,毕竟这种模式的代入感还是非常强大的,祝大家玩的开心。
5. 如何自学英语?
英语是国际网络语言,是金融界语言,是空中交通管制语言,是流行音乐的语言,涵盖了人类生活的方方面面,学好英语就如同打开了一扇世界之窗,我国是经济大国,普及英语更是国情需要。
单词
背词的方法因人而异,但是万变不离其宗,就是要多写、多读,还要多用。背单词的目的不单单是要会念会写,既然是从零开始,那么首先要掌握的必然是26个字母和48个国际音标的发音和写法了。我这边先为大家介绍一下音标的读法:
元音
1.单元音:前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ;中元音︰[A]、[o:];后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]
2.双元音:开合双元音:[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]
3辅音:爆破音:清辅音[p]、[t]、[k];浊辅音:[b]、[d]、[g];摩擦音:清辅音:[f]、[s]、[O]、[h];浊辅音:[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r];爆破音:[t]、[tr]、[ts];浊辅音:[d3]、[dr]、[dz];鼻音:[m]、[n]、[n];半元音:[0]、[w]。
(学习音标的话可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识音标https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2050891487235808454)
学习单词视频链接:https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html
以下的内容是我总结出的关于单词的一个分类总结。
名词(n.)
英语名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词。按照不同的分类标准,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词;可数名词和不可数名词。
1、专有名词(Proper noun)
它是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如:Newton牛顿,San Francisco旧金山,Russia俄罗斯,United Nations联合国。
2、普通名词(common noun)
它是某一类人、事物或某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如:lawyer律师,market市场,computer计算机,rice大米,magazine杂志,freedom自由。
3、可数名词
可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数形式。如:cup(杯子),cat(猫)等。
4、不可数名词
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。如:milk(牛奶),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡)等。
动词(V.)
英语动词简称“v.”。 一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
代词(pron.)
代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。(如下图列举几种)
介词(prep)
介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。(部分介词的用法如下图)
数词(num.)
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词,基数词是表示数目多少的数词。
基数词
基数词用来表示数目多少,它包括表示数字的所有单词,记忆这些数字可以用数字构成分类记忆法。下图是我整理的一个简单的总结。
基数的作用
如下图,是我整理的关于基数作用的归纳。
序数词
序数词用来表示次序,在汉语中表示为“第几”,如:第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序数词在书写时可以缩写first缩写为1st,second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd。下图是我总结整理的一个具体变换样式。
序数词除了第一,第二,第三或个位数为一,二,三结尾的序数词外,其它序数词都是以-th结尾的,缩写也是对应的数字加-th,如fourth(第四)缩写为4th。同时也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼写变化。下图是我总结整理的变换样式。
20-90整十位数序数词需要将对应的基数词词尾中的y变为i,然后加eth构成。 21-99非整十位数序数词需要十位数用基数词,个位数用相应的序数词。十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。
如下图是我整理的20-90整十位数序数词和21-99非整十位数序数词的部分内容。
序数词的用法
序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the。可以用来表示顺序、楼层、编号、日期中的日等。
2.3.1.用来表示顺序,如:
I am always the first to come to school.
我总是第一个来学校的。
2.3.2.用来表示楼层,如:
My aunt lives on the fourth floor.
我姑妈住在四楼。
2.3.3.用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词+名词=名词(首字母要大写) +基数词。如:
第九部分the ninth part=Part nine
第四课the fourth lesson=Lesson Four
第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six
温馨提示:编号较大时,一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101,表示101号房间。
2.3.4.用来表示年、月、日: "年"用基数词, “日用序数词”,如:
1949年10月1日一写法:Oct. 1st, 1949.读作:Oct.(the) first,nineteen forty-nine.
2017年2月28日一写法:February 28th,2017读作:February, (the) twenty-eighth,two
thousand and seventeen.
2.3.5.序数词作"几分之几”时,有复数形式。如:
1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds;4/7→four sevenths;1/2→a half;1/4→one fourth =a quarter;3/4→three fourths =three quarters;50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).
2.3.6.有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语,如:
on second thoughts再三考虑
frst of all首先
at first当初
from first to last从头到尾
on second thoughts再三思考
second to none名列前茅
形容词(adj.)
遇到一个生词的时候要先查字典,看看这个词有几个词性,每一词性下对应的意思是什么;其次,查找这个单词衍生出的其它词性的单词,例如:credit(信誉)是名词,加上词缀-ible之后变为credible(可信的;可靠地),作形容词和副词。
英语形容词可以根据词尾来识别。常见的形容词结尾如下:
●-able/-ible: credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible
●-al: annual, functional, individual, logical, essential
●-ful: awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful
●-ic: terrific, cubic, manic, rustic
●-ive: intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive
●-less: doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless
●-ous: adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.
副词(adv.)
说到副词对于初学者来说还有一个大块儿头是一定要记忆的,就是副词的十三种分类。记住这个的话,副词的主要脉络就抓住了。比如:副词表示方式、程度、时间什么的。但是,这里只说第一种,因为入门就是从简单的开始说,副词记住就是作状语,来修饰动词的。就这么简单。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下图是作者整理的总结性归纳。图一和图二进行衔接观看。
图一
图二
冠词(art.)
不定冠词
a,an是不定冠词,只用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意思。a用在以辅音开头的词前面;an用在以元音开头的词之前,如:a day;a boy;an apple等。
定冠词
the是定冠词,表示“这”“那”“这些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前。
冠词的基本用法
(1)单数可数名前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
I have a cute dog.我有一只可爱的小狗。
(2)复数形式可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西国家非常要。
(3)不可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。
(4)专有名词前一般不用冠词。
Beijing is the capital of China.北京中国的首都。
不定冠词a,an一般有any或one的意思,但不强调数目概念,只用来泛指事物,说明其名称或种类。
(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或an起介绍作用。
She is a teacher.她是一位老师。
(2)表示泛指某一类人或物。
A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一种冷血动物。
(3)表示某一类人或事物的任何一 个。
This is a cat.这是一只猫。
(4)用于抽象名词之前,使抽象名词具体化。
It is a pity that you are late.很遗憾你迟到了。
The ltte child is a joy to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多欢乐。
(5)用于物质名词之前,使物质名词普通化。
They made a fire to get warm.他们生火取暖。
注意:
(1) 当不定冠词所修饰的那个名词的第一个音(不是字母,而是读音)为元音时,不定冠词要用an,而以辅音开头时用a.
(2)在使用不定冠词时,要特别注意缩略词。
an unidentified flying object一个不明飞行物。缩略词: a UFO.
连词(conj.)
连词可以分成两类,一类是表示并列关系的连词。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等;一类是从属连词,用于引出从句,比如主语从句,宾语从句,状语从句等,比如that, if, when, so, for等。
并列连词又可以分成三类,一类是表示选择的并列关系的, 主要有or表示或者,否则,either...or不是...就是...,neither...nor....也不....例句如下:
What is your favoite,singing or dancing?什么是你的最爱?唱歌还是跳舞?
I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞.
Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告诉她真相,要么他告诉她真相。
另一类是表示转折关系的并列连词, 主要有but但是,while而等。 例句如下:
I like singing but dancing. 我喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。
I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌,而我姐姐喜欢跳舞。
还有就是表示并列关系的并列连词,比如and,bot...and,以及as...等。例句如下:
Don't waste food and time.不要浪费食物和时间。
This box is three times as big as that one.这个箱子比那个大三倍。
从属连词主要根据状语的类型来分类。引导时间状语从句的从属连词类型比较多,包括表示“当…时”的when,while,as或whenever;表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after;表示“自从或直到”的since,till和untile;表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。例句如下:
I was singing when she danced.当她在跳舞时,我在唱歌。
I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌时她正在跳舞。
She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌,她就跳舞。
引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有:because,for,as,since等。例句如下:
I study s go to the best school.因为我想上最好的学校,所以我才这么努力
引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有:in order that,so that,in case等。例句如下:
I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是为了能上最好的学校。
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有:so that,so...that,such..that等。例句如下:
I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我学习那么努力,所以我上了最好的学校。
感叹词(int.)
英语感叹词有:indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下图是我整理的一个总结性笔记。
学习计划
在我们熟悉了解音标和单词之后我们就可以为自己制定学习计划了。以下是我总结出的学习计划,方法不一定适应每个人,但是希望会对大家有一个帮助。
1.我们可以将5500个常见词汇分为30-50个Unit,每天背诵一个Unit(100-200个单词),一个月就可以完成一轮背诵,然后第二、三个月进行第二轮、三轮巩固复习。当然,每天早上背完一个新的Unit之后,我们需要在第30分钟、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、对每个单元进行及时重复复习。
2.【具体方法】:早上:拿一张白纸挡住中文意思,只看英文单词开始背诵,勾出不认识的单词。背完一个Unit之后,立刻把勾出的单词再背一遍(依旧遮住中文意思),如果还是有某个单词不认识,就再打勾背诵;30分钟后:把勾出来的单词重新自测一遍;晚上:睡前把打了2次及以上勾的单词重新自测一遍。以此类推,反复记忆。
3.【注意要点】:一定要严格按照表格重复,不要偷懒!不要偷懒!不要偷懒!如果偷懒一次,漏下一两个单元,今天耽误了,那明天想补救就会很难。比如,你3月20号背诵了Unit 12,你不仅要在30分钟后和晚上睡觉之前复习两遍Unit 10,你还需要在背完Unit 12后同步复习之前背过的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。
作者在这边也分享一下自己学习单词的视频链接:https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html,该视频里可以帮大家有效的学习到单词的读音,同时在视频中也教给大家如何利用学到的音标来进行拼读单词。如果有兴趣学习的小伙伴们可以跟着视频进行单词的学习。
APP推荐
百词斩
全民用的最多最火的背单词神器,下载量高达3亿,评分超级高。关键是适合不同年龄层次的人,可根据自己的身份选择不同的单词文本,有小学、初中、高中、大学、四六级、专业六级、八级,适合零基础的成年人从头开始学习。还有不同的背单词场景,根据不同的图片背诵单词,记忆效果很好,对零基础的成年人很友好。
沪江开心词场
趣味性极强的背单词神器,成功解决了背单词枯燥无味的问题。这个APP最大的特点就是,在闯关的过程中,顺便把单词背诵了,轻松有趣,很适合成年人在上下班地铁上背诵。闯关的过程,也是检验你是否掌握单词的过程,不记住,闯不了关,让你干着急,激发你的闯关欲望。
扇贝单词
不仅可以背单词,还可以做笔记。和其他APP不一样,这个软件背诵单词的速度飞快,不过还会有第二轮的检验,反复巩固,加强背诵效果。背诵之前,还会问你认不认识这个单词,如果不认识,出现的频率会更高。
语法
我们认识了单词之后,就可以来了解每个单词组成句子的语法问题。其实任何一门学科都是由浅入深的,英语也不例外。学习语法就像造房子,首先要把基础的语法脉络理清,打好根基,之后再慢慢补充和拓展,让知识巩固起来。
英语语法最基础的就是简单句的组成,之后我们才会慢慢了解到并列句、复合句以及从句,以下是我总结出的语法内容,我们一起来看看吧!
简单句语法
所有的句子都是通过简单句而组合的,只不过句子的结构拓宽了一点, 词汇丰富了一点,从而演变为其他的长句。
1.主谓
主谓就是主语 + 谓语的组合,比如:Spring comes 。这句话中主语是spring ,谓语是 comes 。
主语就是引领句子的开头部分,是一个句子的主体,英文是 subject ,我们用字母 S 代替。谓语可以理解为动词,英文是 verb,我们用字母 v 代替。
2.主谓宾
根据字面的意思就是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语组合而成的句子,比如 : I love you .
这句话中主语是 i ,谓语是 love ,宾语就是在谓语后面的词,这里是 you。
宾语的英文是 object,这里用字母 o 代替。
3.主谓宾宾
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。
这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。
比如 :I give you money .
这里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的宾语,give you 和 give money ,所以都是两个宾语。
4.主谓宾宾补
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。
比如 :It makes me happy .
这里的 me 是 make 的宾语,但是 happy 不是 make 的宾语。
happy 是 me 的形容词,是一个宾补,全称为宾语补足语,起到了补充说明的作用。
注意 :区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补
主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词,而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词,与谓语没有任何关系。
5.主系表
这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别
A be 动词 : am is are was were
B 感官动词 (五官)
look 看起来
sound 听起来
smell 闻起来
taste 尝起来
feel 摸着....感觉......
C 变化动词
become / turn / go / get / grow
这里的表是代表表语,包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式todo
比如 you are beautiful 这句话中,you 是主语,are 是系动词,beautiful 是表语。
并列句语法
简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子,通过并列词成了并列句,通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 :
并列句:简单句+并列词+简单句
并列词一般有:and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however,
1.表示并列:
and,not only...but also...,neither...nor...
Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .
2.表示选择:
or,or else,otherwise,either...or...
Hurry or you won't make the train.
3.表示对比、转折:
but,whileyet,however,never,
I like tea while she likes coffee.
4.表示原因:for
I am thirsty , for it is hot .
复合句:简单句+从属连词+简单句
从属连词有:that /wether/if。
从句语法
名词性从句
当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时,又被称呼为不同的名字。
当作为主语时,称为主语从句。
当称为宾语时,称为宾语从句,同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 :
主语从句 What she said is wrong .
宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.
表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.
同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.
记住一点,不管什么从句,你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。
那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语,就是主语从句,作宾语就是宾语从句。
同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。
定语从句
修饰限定名词,汉语中“的”前面的内容。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
关系副词引导的定语从句
when where why
状语从句
修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式。
1.时间状语从句
常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant,
I was fat when I was a child.
2.地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Keep it where you can see it.
3.原因状语从句
常用引导词:because, since, as, for
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .
4.目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
study hard so that you can pass the exam.
5.结果状语从句
常用引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
6.条件状语从句
常用引导词:if, unless,
特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
If you ask him, he will help you.
7.方式状语从句
常用引导词:as, as if, how
特殊引导词:the way
Think as i think
8.比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
The house is three times as big as ours.
9.让步状语从句
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Though I believe it,yet I must consider.
时态、语态问题
时态的本质是:时+态。
所以学习时态,一定要把时和态分开来看待。
I am a teacher.
这句话,时间是“现在时”,状态是“一般态”
英语里有4种时间:
过去,现在,将来,过去将来
英语里有4种状态:
一般态:非完成,非进行
进行态:动作的延续
完成态:在截止时间时,完成了的事情
完成进行态(几乎不用):过去是,到截止时间是,将来还是的事情(强调截止时间)
如下图,两个是我整理的笔记内容。
学习计划
1.从阅读时理解语法,再用语法书夯实理解而成的专业知识。举一个典型的例子。冠词the看似简单,实际上用法难懂变化多端。一本详细的语法书通常会记录数十条应用the的规则,及其不计其数的不可抗力事件,并且除外中依然存在除外。
2.学精语法,英语语感比规则关键。培养阅读英文的好习惯。仍以the为例。每一次读书的时候难免会遇到the字数十次,而每次都是看到不同情况,不同类型的句型。
3.读书时碰到疑惑,前去阅览语法书。这时候,语法书里的复杂规则就恰好派上用场了。由于你明白自己要请,都知道这种语法规则用于具体的语句。
以下几个图片是我在网上进行搜索归纳的总结性笔记,一列为一种总结内容,图一至图四为整体内容,图二衔接图一结尾,图三衔接图二结尾,图四衔接图三结尾。
图一
图二
图三
图四
给大家讲了这么多书面上的语法问题,作者在这里给学习英语的小伙伴们介绍一下我在学习英语时候借鉴的视频。视频中老师充分讲解了初步学习英语适用的语法问题,在讲解的同时还为大家用例句进行了说明。视频链接如下:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b)
推荐书籍
《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》
本书内容非常简单,可以帮助语法薄弱的学习者慢慢理解语法。它分为三个部分:初级句型、中级句型和高级句型。初级句型共讲解了五种基本句型;中级句型有四种,即形容词从句、名词从句、状语从句和倒装句。另外这本书的冠词、不定式和动名词的语法相比其他语法书的讲解更透彻。
《English Grammar in Use》
本书的语法范例,主要是以情景为例,将抽象的语法概念更具体化、也易于理解。书中材料均来自英语母语国家,表达地道,让学习者可以学以致用,让学习的效率更好。全书图文并茂,内容生动,对语法知识点进行分类对比,可以让学习者快速梳理思路,学习起来事半功倍。
《柯林斯英语语法》
《柯林斯英语语法》的体例和所有的英语语法书都不一样,不是按照句型排列的,而是按照表达法和表达功能排列的,而内容也侧重于灵活实用的功能语法讲解,强调语法和词汇的结合。
句子
通过了单词和语法的认识,持之以恒记忆对话、课文中的佳句是丰富我们语言,积累句式的好方法。而能对熟悉的句子进行变通也是学习英语的重要技巧之一。现在虽然考试不考句型转换,但是句型转换可以加深我们的记忆和知识的拓展。(想详细了解英语造句内容的可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识英语基础https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b)
句子成分
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种,其中,主语和谓语是主要成分有,表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分是次要成分。
一、主语
主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
二、谓语
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。
We often speak English in class.
三、宾语
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。
He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语)
四、定语
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)
五、状语
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
Light travels most quickly. (副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)
六、补语
补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
His father named him Dongming. (名词)
They painted their boat white. (形容词)
七、表语
表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)
八、同位语
同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。同位语和补语的区别在于:补语不能缺少,同位语可以缺少。
九、独立成分
独立成分,是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面,与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时,它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。
陈述句
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。陈述句的核心是非常基础的。这个句子里有一个名词和一个动词。句子可以有其他成分,如形容词、副词和其他词。但是最简单的形式就是名词和动词。
陈述句的基本句型:
(1)主语+连系动词+表语
(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)
(3)主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语
(4)主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语
(5)主语+谓语(及物动词) V.+宾语+宾语补足语
肯定句
The river flooded.河水泛滥了。(主谓 )
He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主谓滨)
He can teach you English.他可以教你英语。(主谓+双宾)
He painted the desk blue.他把书桌涂成了色。(主谓滨宾补)
He is a doctor.他是一名医生。(主系表)
否定句
The river did not/didn't flood. 河水没有泛滥。
He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他没有幽默感。
He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英语。
He didn't paint the desk blue.他没有把书桌涂成蓝色。
He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名医生。
疑问句
一般疑问句
通常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实,其回答通常是yes或no,因此这类问句又叫做“是非问句”。下面是句型。
Is there something wrong with this machine?这台机器有问题吗?
Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了吗?
Shall we go on?我们继续向前吗?
Will he not agree with you?他不同意你吗?
Haven't you any sisters?你没有姐妹吗?
Don't you like this movie?你不喜欢这部电影吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是对句中的某一部分提出疑问,通常以who、where、when、why等疑问词开头,因此又叫“wh-问句”。下面是句型。
Who are you?你是谁?
Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和谁打乒乓球?
Whose glasses are broken?谁的眼镜打碎了?
Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?
What do they want to do?他们想要做什么?
When does she want to practice?她想要什么时候练习?
Where is the restroom?洗手间在哪里?
Why did you leave?你为什么离开了 ?|
How do you study English?你怎么学习英语?
选择疑问句
选择疑问句是对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问方式。下面是句型。
Shall we go by bus or by train?我们乘汽车还是乘秋车?,
Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我帮你,还是你自己解决?
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一样, 咖啡还是茶?
Coffee or tea?咖啡还是茶?
Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰,你最喜欢哪样?
反义疑问句
反意疑问句又称为附加疑问句,英语称为tag question,是一种常用于口语的疑问句式,主要由“陈述句(或祈使句) + 疑问句”构成。下面是句型。
陈述句有 be 动词时,以该be动词形成反问;陈述句有助动词(will、shall、can、have...)时,以该助动词形成反问;陈述句只有动词时,按主语人称及该动词时态,置 do、does、did 形成反问。下面是句型。下面是句型。
Study hard, will you?要用功,好不好?
Don't do it, will you?不要做这件事,好不好?
Let me go, will you?让我走,好不好?
Let's stop here, shall we?我们在这里停下,好吗?
There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在这个咖啡厅有无线网络,对吗?
The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢,对吗?
Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅长数学,对吗?
John is going to study English, isn't he? John会学习英文,对吗?
祈使句
祈使句是英语中的一个句式,也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
感叹句
感叹句是英语四大功能句型之一,主要用来表示高兴、愤怒、厌恶或者欣赏等强烈感情的句子,句末通常用感叹号!结尾,说话时用降调。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
简单句
由一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语)构成。只有一套主谓结构。主语可理解为“谁?”,谓语视为“做什么?”“是什么?”。
简单句五种基本句型:
主系表 SVP
主谓SV
主谓宾SVO
主谓双宾SVOO
主谓宾宾补SVOC
下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
并列句
是并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列而成,有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。并列句的基本句型:“分句+并列连词/特殊符号+分句”。并列连词:and(和,而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因为) so (所以)。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
特殊句式
存在句
存在句在英语中是用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义,而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以从结构,句型来分析,可以有多种时态形式。相关的语法重点有:存在句的谓语动词,存在句非限定形式,存在句主谓一致等。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
省略句
在英语中,名词可以省略,动词可以省略,动词当中不但系动词这样的可以省略,连实意动词也是可以省略的,只要它已经出现过了。会使用省略句是英语水平走向高阶的一个标志,在使用省略句的时候,不要担心对方看不懂或者听不懂。只要你用的正确,不存在别人不能理解。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
倒装句
为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。英语倒装句的7种形式,希望能帮助你理解英语句子。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
强调句
强调句型是一种特殊句式,用于表示说话者强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是通过某种手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更重要。强调句型的结构如图所示:
学习计划
【第一步】:看大标题,图片,小标题,看完之后大概猜测文章是关于什么的,目的在于对文章有个模糊的印象。
【第二步】:重点略读,主要读每段第一句和最后一句,大概了解每个段的内容,目的在于对文章结构有个整体把握,比如典型的结构——介绍问题、给出原因、提出解决方法、说明潜在风险、对未来进行判断。
【第三步】:全文略读,读的时候让尽可能多的信息进入眼眶,略读次要信息,抓重点信息(核心观点、重要前提、重要假设),并对重点信息进行精读,同时对觉得不错的内容再进行标记。目的在于掌握重点信息,方面以后复查或者积累写作素材。(这时候不懂的单词可以圈起来,只要不影响文章大意理解就不查,等到最后一步再查)
【第四步】:不断来回查找信息,对比是否存在疏漏,目的在于梳理文章结构,掌握文章整体脉络。
【第五步】:带着结构重新略读阅读信息,精读标记信息,看是否理解清楚,是否需要进一步的查询工作。
学习计划制定好后,作者这边推荐小伙伴们可以在b站上跟着这位老师学习学习,他的视频内容充分的为大家解决了句型问题,同时还利用造句的方式帮助小伙伴们可以更加深刻的了解英语句子的组成部分,视频链接如下:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b
阅读外文文章
《读者文摘》
读者文摘在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年创刊,这是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。适用人群是英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党。
同时,由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性,中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。非常适合考试党提高英语能力和语感,是夯实英语基础的大众型读物。
购买方式:直接联系中图订购纸本,这种刊物在国内订阅是完全许可的。都是英文原版,按期引进。读者文摘是那种小册子,时代是标准的杂志。现在国家对外籍刊物进口管理比较严格,自己从网上订电子版往往会被屏蔽掉。
《经济学人》
这是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志,创办于1843年9月,创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智,幽默,有力度,严肃又不失诙谐,并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名,是社会精英必不可少的读物。
里面的文章十分经典,经常出现在考研的阅读理解里面,可见里面的用词、用句的高水平。还有很重要的一点,就是《经济学人》里面还会涉及大量的词汇、固定搭配以及长难句,不仅仅是提升阅读水平,对于词汇积累、语法提升等都大有好处。
就里面所有的板块和内容而言,个人最喜欢其中的 obituary 和 special report 部分,前者会写很多有趣的人,很有意思。后者则涉及政治、经济、社会、科技领域的时新专题报道,属于涨知识的必备栏目。
阅读方式:一些免费提供离线资源的网站,这块要用谷歌搜,或者用必应国际版,但很多更新更新着就不更新了,免费的可以搜一个关键词:西贝博客。还有国内一些网站提供付费的离线资源,这块是一种选择,只要会用指令搜索,就可以搜索进行查看。
还有就是通过发邮件到经济学人官方,咨询他们有哪些授权渠道商,再通过这些渠道商去订阅。
英语中期学习
听力
我们在锻炼听力的时候一定不要听那些东拼西凑的英语磁带,而是选择一个听力材料就彻底把它拿下。材料里的每一个单词、每一个短语都要听清楚。为了达到这一点,你必须听写。
明确学习任务
第一步是先纠正自己的音标,这是最基础的,我们之所以听不懂是因为我们发音不标准,我们也听不出来英语发音。所以首先必须纠正好自己的音标。
第二步是要扩大自己的单词量,好多人不注意这一点,认为听力的单词量有限,但是一定要把自己的单词量扩大到一定的范围。
第三步是训练听力,首先训练单个单词,先听单个单词,然后在逐渐的听句子,这是很主要的,要循序渐进。
第四步是在听听力的时候,一定要在自己听不懂的地方多听几遍,并把相关的单词和句子抄下来,经常去阅读。
第五步是每天坚持听听力至少2个小时,这是非常关键的一步,不要怕辛苦,坚持下来就行。
第六步是可以坚持看美剧或者坚持听外国的音乐和相关的歌曲,对自己的听力都有很大的帮助。
听力的基础练习可以在b站上搜索发音词典(这是用户)进行用于听力练习,这个老师的视频中开头部分就为大家制定好了听力规则,在观看视频的时候也可以充分的锻炼自己的英语听力。视频的链接如下:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b
学习小技巧
1、学会抓关键词
在听力过程中,我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间,快速浏览选项,对比其不同之处,在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份,帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。
2、学会划分意群
很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听,想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的,也是很难做到的。因此,我们要学会划分意群来听,分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间,并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。
3、学会提前思考
在听力开始之前,你就要浏览完材料,结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么,目的又是什么。并学会猜测,包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置,所以,听听力要积极主动。
4、学会做笔记
好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰,让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神,记住相关信息,因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的,因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。
5、学会注意数字
要注意以下几方面:常规数字的连读,百分数,分数,小数,百分比,电话号码,航班号,驾照号,信用卡号等等。
推荐学习网站
BBC Learning English
我一定要把它放在第一位,因为只要想到网路上的免费英文学习资源,第一个要推荐的绝对是BBC Learning English。
这个被公认为全球最佳的英文学习网站,不只具有英文单字词汇、文法、发音、听力、会话、阅读以及学习测验等丰富多元的学习教材,而且也一直持续更新教学内容。
除了可以用网路学习之外,也可以免费下载mp3语音和文字稿到电脑,当作持续自学进修练习的免费教材。
TED
TED Talks是可以一边听演讲一边训练英文听力的网站。在这里有不同领域的专业人士所发表的科学、娱乐、文化、教育、艺术等等专题英文演讲影片,除了训练正式英文的听力之外,还可以增长知识,开拓自己的视野。可以观看约10~20分钟TED Talks练习英文听力,听不懂时,还可阅读演讲稿理解影片内容。
English Online France
English Online France是一个非常有趣的在线英文听力训练网站,依照初级、中级和高级区分的英文听力训练教材共超过一百个项目,包括听写练习与测验的MP3语音教材以及听力练习与测验的影片。
口语
语言不是教会的,而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望,应力争语言训练的各种机会。应该不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。(口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索,也可以结合下文讲解,在该连接中看视频配合学习https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b)
明确学习任务
1. 一定要用完整句子对话
面对任何问题,都不能只回答表面内容,一定要在此基础上展开回答。如果别人问你一个问题,你只回答 Yes 或者 No,那如何提高口语呢?即使遇到了一个你根本不了解或者不会的问题,也千万不要用:“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”来回应。比如别人问了一个最基础的问题,“Where are you from?” 你千万不能只说:“I come from Beijing.”正确的做法是:先说明你来自北京,然后介绍一下北京的风土人情、家乡美食等等,最后再和对方互动一下,问你去过北京吗?或者你觉得北京这座城市怎么样呢?
2.多使用一些复杂句和从句
然后在平时练习过程中,要将简单句和复杂句交错使用,不要一直用简单的句子,这样会显得你的水平很 Low,也不要一直说很复杂的句子,因为很容易出错。在变换不同的句式的时候,记得不要出错。避免一直说简单句的最好方法就是,多说一些稍微复杂一点的从句,比如定语从句、条件状语从句、主语从句等等,同时一些相同意思的句子也不要用重复表达,要学会多尝试用不同的句式说出来。
3.通过美剧学习口语
通过美剧学习英语口语也是很多人可能有尝试的方法,对于上班族来说可以一边放松心情的同时学习英语。我建议可选择那些与日常生活比较贴近、故事情节较强的影视材料。例如金色年代。
口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索MrYang杨家成,这个老师讲解的每个视频内容虽然简短,但是老师在讲解前就利用学生的错误发音进行纠正,充满趣味性的同时也能认识到口语发音方面的错误。我这边为大家找到一个不错的视频内容,链接如下:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b,如果需要的话可以试着看看一看。
英音发音学习
1.建立英音的肌肉反射
在我们开始在美音和英音间做出实质性的发音改变之前。我们首先要知道,发音的改变是要体现在每一个音上的,这样的改变才能导致整体上发音的变化。这包括说话过程中嘴型的变化,以及嘴部肌肉运动方式的变化。这是一个整体上的变化。并不只在有某个变化音的词里,你才能听到这样的变化,而是在每个音节上都可以听的出来。
所以想要练习一口标准的英式英语,第一步也是必不可少的一步就是练习音标。将每个音标老老实实的学习,通过肌肉发射,对后面的英式英语的口语练习能有很大的帮助。
2.建立英音语言环境
学一门语言,最好的当然就是处于一个特定的语言环境内。既然我们是在国内,没有办法实现英式英语的环境,那么我就可以通过听力来实现输入的问题,通过口语来实现输出的问题。
而对于锻炼听力,最推从的方法就是听万能的BBC了。你要知道,在BBC,不仅仅只有新闻的,BBC还有很多栏目,比如BBC Learning,就是可以通过上面的视频进行练习口语听力的栏目。
3.建立口语交流机制
现在互联网这么发达,我们完全可以通过sns来和世界交流。你只要学会FAN墙,就可以通过Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp来找到愿意和你交流的人,如果他愿意学习中文是再好不过的了,这样互助互利是最持久的。不过记住,我们是要练习英式英语,所以最好找英国,或者加拿大的。
4.英式发音技巧
“R”不发音,不卷舌
T不发D音,发T音或不发音
请注意,“H”并不总是发音
单词“been”的读音是“bean”,而不是“bin”
结尾降调
美音发音学习
1.准备好学习的视频参照物
仅仅是自己照着音标、课本练习朗读,不能使自己的发音改善。学习发音视频教程,才是最容易、最直观、最简单的方法。因为,可以直观地看到美国人的嘴形、舌头的位置,这样可以很容易自我调整。
请在免费WiFi下,请自行百度:美式发音训练视频教程(汇总贴)。可以很容易找到美国Paul老师的视频教程。
2.制定学习计划,每天学习1集视频
每天观看1集视频,并且在安静、不被打扰的环境下学习。跟着视频一起,自己张口练习。练习时,不用去记忆生词,只需要张口练习发音就好。
学习完1集视频后,找找自己熟悉的单词、简单句子,按照刚刚学会的方法轻松、张口朗读。
嘴巴重新习惯需要时间。所以,请在学习第2、3、4天,轻松复习第1天学习的发音,并张口练习。这时,不用重新看视频,只需要读一读单词、简单句子。
3.巩固训练
在平时自己朗读自己喜欢的文章时,特意留意学会的新的发音。这是进步的最后一步。如果自己没有调整,还是按照自己以前的发音方法,那就没进步了!
如果按照这样的步骤,认真练习,任何一个自己不会的发音,每位朋友都可以在1周内熟练掌握。1个月内就可以掌握所有的标准美式发音了。
4.强化训练
如果学习过美国Paul老师的教程,还觉得不够。再推荐一个视频教程:
美国 Lisa 老师的——Lisa美语视频教程。请按照同样的反复,每次学习30分钟吧
5.美式发音技巧
当字母R出现在最后一个字母位置的时候,要发卷舌音。
当字母R的后面紧跟一个辅音字母的时候,这里的R要发音/r/
美式发音中的第二个特征,是关于美式浊化音。比如letter这个单词,其中的字母t就需要百分之五十浊化成发音/d/,有点类似ladder了。.
口语app
扇贝口语
这是一款旨在让用户“听得懂、说得出”的英语口语学习app,适合所有阶段人群,扇贝口语的课程系统完善,而且形式比较丰富,包括角色扮演,发音打分和故事模式,通过跟读以及听音复述和智能打分的形式,帮助培养开口习惯,纠正发音错误。
流利说英语
这是一款智能口语打分软件,内置各种以场景为主题的课程,你可以跟读模仿,然后系统会根据你的发音情况进行打分,他的练习材料非常丰富,从教材到职场,从生活到影视剧,而且都有难度划分,逐渐升级。
英语后期学习
练习
后期就要把你珍藏的真题拿出来了,从头到尾掐准时间(可以在开始的时候把时间写在卷题上,结束对照一下时间),作文可以先不写(前5套真题左右,把作文专项练习一下),一套真题两三天左右吃透,半个月时间把作文好好练习一下(文末附有大小作文模板以及视频),做完对照答案,(如何分析和做阅读,前面的文章已经讲过了)分数依然不重要,重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方,单词、语法、阅读速度还是注意力的问题。
背单词
单词不用说,该背还要背,这个时间可以有侧重点的背,同时还需要把重点放在真题中单词上来,一定要注意熟词僻义。
阅读
仔细思考做题过程中的这个题做错了,为什么做错,我当初怎么想的,答案又是怎么说的,有没有了解出题人的意图,带着这些问题,把错的选项分析一遍,做个小结,在题旁边标注,属于哪种错误,是粗心大意还是单词或者翻译错误等;其次是单词,这个单词我背过吗,是生词还是背过忘了,然后查出这个单词,记在自己的单词本或者在单词出处记下来,第二天背下来。
作文
怎么构思,如果这次试卷就是考试,我该从哪下手,我是不是又用了,老掉牙的词,背的好词好句有没有用上等;最后就是总结,把阅读、单词、作文遇到的问题做个总结,做个规划去处理,然后第二天去复习,直到这张试卷你认为没有什么价值了,那么你复盘总结就是成功的。
总结
最后说一下完成这个阶段所需的时间,我建议用两个月去完成是比较合适的。不要拖太长时间,不要在学习的舒适区呆太久。我们是需要感觉到自己在进步,需要有很多正反馈才能继续坚持学习的。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语是国际网络语言,是金融界语言,是空中交通管制语言,是流行音乐的语言,涵盖了人类生活的方方面面,学好英语就如同打开了一扇世界之窗,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"我国是经济大国,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"普及英语更是国情需要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX6vMqZxgns9mjfIR7aq1sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuxF06Stq6O0au8uSuOPYpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背词的方法因人而异,但是万变不离其宗,就是要多写、多读,还要多用。背单词的目的不单单是要会念会写,既然是从零开始,那么首先要掌握的必然是26个字母和48个国际音标的发音和写法了。我这边先为大家介绍一下音标的读法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6EDeaDDgCKE7rfIdqGbkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb49IWExsMuUEFu2UaJXJve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.单元音:前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ;中元音︰[A]、[o:];后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniR0xoQAwPp10oxZK30iSEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.双元音:开合双元音:[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnplvNfSsOsmD0Ew7pLWWvYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3辅音:爆破音:清辅音[p]、[t]、[k];浊辅音:[b]、[d]、[g];摩擦音:清辅音:[f]、[s]、[O]、[h];浊辅音:[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r];爆破音:[t]、[tr]、[ts];浊辅音:[d3]、[dr]、[dz];鼻音:[m]、[n]、[n];半元音:[0]、[w]。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr4W5QwCQzCNSki5B4w4f1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(学习音标的话可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识音标","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2050891487235808454"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2050891487235808454","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmrhR5MK4nmR5LR8O6yQbeT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习单词视频链接:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgeoWLZT4M4vORBJtoqLLe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30a0fb6ae5fc49c784433ef71e2c81e6","width":541},"text":"","id":"doxcnairL6iMHNXUIUXQWFns3Xf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/806f1274e6754f8fa045d38422b80f70","width":801},"text":"","id":"doxcn3CuDAaHWIiqedjSEzdZQAh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下的内容是我总结出的关于单词的一个分类总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词(n.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEvxlGEHLswaa0vbrbckDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词。按照不同的分类标准,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词;可数名词和不可数名词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlh4Q7ODsYMrPE3dOHqNoNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、专有名词(Proper noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR6TnhMLEYpJw1ryAxAmzrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如:Newton牛顿,San Francisco旧金山,Russia俄罗斯,United Nations联合国。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBCCyEqVmEbSdNcB9muoCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、普通名词(common noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl1ianjNpY7UeYT7NONx8Tc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是某一类人、事物或某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如:lawyer律师,market市场,computer计算机,rice大米,magazine杂志,freedom自由。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6apgNhL7YDhIk2YR0LASd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、可数名词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO5sgpnXlfExWljLK6k8jvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数形式。如:cup(杯子),cat(猫)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNkCrVRH82Vs0gk5p63jEWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不可数名词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrOfaRKPfZJ2Zo3f8H7sg3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。如:milk(牛奶),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLP6OPA4MTCcx2rDoRg7rgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动词(V.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYNTDByFinTiEhgxl7a7be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语动词简称“v.”。 一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ8Q65VgXDg6bepX5Vlwrlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":263,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"动词(V.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c32267c6dd10461b8283ca3e5ea7e6c1","width":394},"text":"","id":"doxcnxTqUgHQi8WqmTzrpQu4ivd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"代词(pron.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfsEIzKKEq0j2RWhn1N48od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。(如下图列举几种)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndsFHK3R6gNvxsJd1aUxkHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"代词(pron.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/151af1aa0fb14aa39e7c0516d102101e","width":759},"text":"","id":"doxcnAsAOXgbji1P5RzMlotVHgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"介词(prep)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRtesECJsl86mR1qUYgs9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。(部分介词的用法如下图)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu1XVviQ72RjwYgSua9K8xb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"介词(prep)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2220502a5c91443e886cd5b0fbb7adda","width":644},"text":"","id":"doxcnbEPt5AzCqILJzhzL5bXq3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"数词(num.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAq7rSQz3DQTTZQhJl39uYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词,基数词是表示数目多少的数词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1wgNeJ6qn8Yao2SmB6vMUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnovWPOlFExe9UzzvYp5D9Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词用来表示数目多少,它包括表示数字的所有单词,记忆这些数字可以用数字构成分类记忆法。下图是我整理的一个简单的总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCP0gi16U8k9D1h0ggZPxEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce11edda66244aab0c0ed55d4107563","width":746},"text":"","id":"doxcnz8OW1aZaKBlutmiDFjMZvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基数的作用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUnBqmYZWWcD5ebTKQwRmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图,是我整理的关于基数作用的归纳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhwSd4gdMvXljnnexunADf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5bc24f37038a4dd689dd16109f68b992","width":795},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6JCG3zhbQ2JZHIYFCeg7n"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNd2QMlUsW4a7QQxY4Bz9jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词用来表示次序,在汉语中表示为“第几”,如:第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序数词在书写时可以缩写first缩写为1st,second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd。下图是我总结整理的一个具体变换样式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7wJeogWPgEKgp2DJpUjovd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":248,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55b5956998b44a49aa1220de1b60b254","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IJuGKCRF4sdMOsC68UIGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词除了第一,第二,第三或个位数为一,二,三结尾的序数词外,其它序数词都是以-th结尾的,缩写也是对应的数字加-th,如fourth(第四)缩写为4th。同时也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼写变化。下图是我总结整理的变换样式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb17IQMLHEk3C6TcRW5PXie"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce2900cdba8544a1aaf11a4761ac57c2","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcn6U6rQAkruuAM1tVzDR7QNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20-90整十位数序数词需要将对应的基数词词尾中的y变为i,然后加eth构成。 21-99非整十位数序数词需要十位数用基数词,个位数用相应的序数词。十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnog1pLNpDDqAqGebm8xMW5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图是我整理的20-90整十位数序数词和21-99非整十位数序数词的部分内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjb9X9jgK4or1tSLa93Ukyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":255,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8086d8fc824847afaccd238a3d8ca0b8","width":406},"text":"","id":"doxcnj9iMee8eyg0TsyAAnAQKld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"序数词的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1zQvWJnkEguR0fWt0XUXzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the。可以用来表示顺序、楼层、编号、日期中的日等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8R1OLRlbnmUNBbYNOZI3Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.1.用来表示顺序,如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3BOQ063TyoGw6kGwe98SQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am always the first to come to school.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhFPHKUz2nRivPKgw9Y7kkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我总是第一个来学校的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRA2j1N5MF9lRQnKDE6jbqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.2.用来表示楼层,如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORD5KBBDjLRkPHxnXvVu5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My aunt lives on the fourth floor.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAtW1eyAgbUMMvUO34hXf8m"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我姑妈住在四楼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndV8H1OWQ7ZRZh61zziVGee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.3.用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词+名词=名词(首字母要大写) +基数词。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQi6GBYiKZ9RypRLGstSonc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第九部分the ninth part=Part nine","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJGDvyoRlf13B6fZk6S37Ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四课the fourth lesson=Lesson Four","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnntosWHt503kQCJRNraH9Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JQFe7QOZuUFsV3sUwnwMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"温馨提示:编号较大时,一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101,表示101号房间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASpg96TjmioiSgBPlCDR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.4.用来表示年、月、日: \"年\"用基数词, “日用序数词”,如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUQWucoGUt2Tdl0pPHlzDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1949年10月1日一写法:Oct. 1st, 1949.读作:Oct.(the) first,nineteen forty-nine.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntcPUSm22TTPF3CCTNbYhtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2017年2月28日一写法:February 28th,2017读作:February, (the) twenty-eighth,two","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6PL39A3Vfjayd4yy3ARZZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"thousand and seventeen.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6bri8oRhtnjIxRA2CMfCZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.5.序数词作\"几分之几”时,有复数形式。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWulPJ9ZStHilTAu14qiKqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds;4/7→four sevenths;1/2→a half;1/4→one fourth =a quarter;3/4→three fourths =three quarters;50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpVYZOz8vVd6PUUk7ahvCFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.6.有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语,如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBu1TNOlgctvRBdDXzI4XYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三考虑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL50XgJiaMu8NzIfgIKHkPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"frst of all首先","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmu4pu0u3J7JxoVPtdzgdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"at first当初","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrtiVST8ICM0IHlsldPtSib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"from first to last从头到尾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6R6Asbxv5FaYt4CAPagwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX8mtXgkZI2ee63TaOpx9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"second to none名列前茅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR1IIFsDaBmw7yPpCoq3ccf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"形容词(adj.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnebm8nfkllzjMjXkoFXGVNK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遇到一个生词的时候要先查字典,看看这个词有几个词性,每一词性下对应的意思是什么;其次,查找这个单词衍生出的其它词性的单词,例如:credit(信誉)是名词,加上词缀-ible之后变为credible(可信的;可靠地),作形容词和副词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMqyHOtXSEadbbOs7hb3Ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语形容词可以根据词尾来识别。常见的形容词结尾如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0nh7wQ05TVDsox28qM19Dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-able/-ible:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpHo2orVvzX8MZ8n7Mh2yEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-al:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" annual, functional, individual, logical, essential","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnspwpQ9oPCLzynHHexaKlkT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ful:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaxzjCIiMWym1Qp5x17pobg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ic:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" terrific, cubic, manic, rustic","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLv6TOhxiY5GzmxzytVGIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ive:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6qXOIEBfUPOy3k5ymrDaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"●-less: ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZnhqTT6irXSy1Qc36p2mEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ous:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A5f4GIZ1f9bV95fRjzOob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"副词(adv.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4K7kYFLB50w4U46uanZRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"说到副词对于初学者来说还有一个大块儿头是一定要记忆的,就是副词的十三种分类。记住这个的话,副词的主要脉络就抓住了。比如:副词表示方式、程度、时间什么的。但是,这里只说第一种,因为入门就是从简单的开始说,副词记住就是作状语,来修饰动词的。就这么简单。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下图是作者整理的总结性归纳。图一和图二进行衔接观看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjsOeDiLcaY5OTNNsUcrTRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":428,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副词(adv.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb96301675234ac48478f5ba034ab6f7","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcnctrOmPeJgC8S8Gb66TaJt6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBSvGMnH5nuJHgL1H7y7Yg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副词(adv.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/95b36c589bf1477d98dbce931beeb6d3","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcn1modnqtebcTjCaqTOR68k9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqDcDQ5LWl79VebIF4K4JFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冠词(art.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUVR0tZOrjRqQK1h0Ou6ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFYjjhDrCwcWOA7ETG9bVUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a,an是不定冠词,只用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意思。a用在以辅音开头的词前面;an用在以元音开头的词之前,如:a day;a boy;an apple等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ubgb6aXZ7Bc9eS0kPT46g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"定冠词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfi2HNoomvn17DTcIYkgc09"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"the是定冠词,表示“这”“那”“这些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBparDtLKVxYcR9GvviFz1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"冠词的基本用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnby0Uyt6vA5a0OgGZO8R9TR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)单数可数名前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnen9rEqIh5wr1DyXJLM4pDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I have a cute dog.我有一只可爱的小狗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxn2fdC3csmbbzZUxdQySWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)复数形式可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8UdMEZhM36UlFVYuuz88U"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西国家非常要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnejQxE0ObCzRl49Zw8Mkq5w"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9HwLBBNXyxnXz18KPYNKOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndCOSG1zaN1RTJM6zXwhPwB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)专有名词前一般不用冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbLyKedELK0ZQHetc2qvLlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Beijing is the capital of China.北京中国的首都。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFKHIGNrOdtq7ZDOOrDeAeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠词a,an一般有any或one的意思,但不强调数目概念,只用来泛指事物,说明其名称或种类","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkHNa28SDN6Cph6cAtbwEgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或an起介绍作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLNrD9qIvnZA7AVlFmEggNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She is a teacher.她是一位老师。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxqtPLYChGJVOX2ex4UZCuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)表示泛指某一类人或物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnefWis0FFsWLkWr0cf3eXdd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一种冷血动物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKbikLl4nEr4mXUtXbgJ9pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)表示某一类人或事物的任何一 个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqPkrN3VdxO5OIzF8rzxFlA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is a cat.这是一只猫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhxJFy1p8IOJnESgClWa6Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)用于抽象名词之前,使抽象名词具体化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgkY45Ul9TbMWHxbLBcABe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"It is a pity that you are late.很遗憾你迟到了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj7fYGtJ9xwbzhcBUwlSCng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The ltte child is a joy to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多欢乐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5aN09PLUQc5I3Tz5iYpoNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)用于物质名词之前,使物质名词普通化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn30GLVplhVUCKSRSOkMMo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They made a fire to get warm.他们生火取暖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYtcymoKKzcucKclvGEMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19vNhHNag5VnNodx3zNxT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" (1) 当不定冠词所修饰的那个名词的第一个音(不是字母,而是读音)为元音时,不定冠词要用an,而以辅音开头时用a.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBvYWKfziOFfvG1ad9fVFcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)在使用不定冠词时,要特别注意缩略词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn58yFtBw66IIwDaZ3C95LEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"an unidentified flying object一个不明飞行物。缩略词: a UFO.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhZ71AK9Q8SoQYndoiZFyb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连词(conj.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5ltxUFxOFfSAoDke4vyajc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连词可以分成两类,一类是表示并列关系的连词。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等;一类是从属连词,用于引出从句,比如主语从句,宾语从句,状语从句等,比如that, if, when, so, for等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpK9ncNqDTc9CaVilhT3Jhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"并列连词又可以分成三类,一类是表示选择的并列关系的, 主要有or表示或者,否则,either...or不是...就是...,neither...nor....也不....例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuNgYATQKgT9yCvRo46zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What is your favoite,singing or dancing?什么是你的最爱?唱歌还是跳舞?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjvj48VBiz9KDIkm6e33uh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetCcs49rR98ehs8SWALA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告诉她真相,要么他告诉她真相。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQNBhmwSU5nlrLkPMvj4gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另一类是表示转折关系的并列连词, 主要有but但是,while而等。 例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnldk9C8HN6cpjGWIuZIsL0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing but dancing. 我喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvLchdOUrD1rqyz0tzoi6lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌,而我姐姐喜欢跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPqYrMeKe1pLgKwzwE0u9Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"还有就是表示并列关系的并列连词,比如and,bot...and,以及as...等。例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn81q42VaPhwB34mKZkhHYVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't waste food and time.不要浪费食物和时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfktjQAKXprUub3d0Kfd7Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This box is three times as big as that one.这个箱子比那个大三倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncU8nJZJpElc8hXZcCtLaNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从属连词主要根据状语的类型来分类。引导时间状语从句的从属连词类型比较多,包括表示“当…时”的when,while,as或whenever;表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after;表示“自从或直到”的since,till和untile;表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBAFUHs2OEIpYxk12TqBLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was singing when she danced.当她在跳舞时,我在唱歌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAREmDqwVTcVyeMfekp8Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌时她正在跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9nZGHg3qjRbxcpbCeQk7Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌,她就跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7R7I1pQxMhebtZ70zwTbVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有:because,for,as,since等。例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ALH2rXBhCbfLxyRJ2q9oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study s go to the best school.因为我想上最好的学校,所以我才这么努力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZZudbpp1b7AOJtX4HLDrvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有:in order that,so that,in case等。例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNtRaJ4Vv5uKKBM85ZS8Hid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是为了能上最好的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ2XyPb2NfO9wmu1WwtTgVq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有:so that,so...that,such..that等。例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz0RL2HuHfBmXZpbd29YVFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我学习那么努力,所以我上了最好的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzFkfvrRcyWRslP4YNaR2wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹词(int.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniNo5Lt2yplNLe2agTxtUyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语感叹词有:indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下图是我整理的一个总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDvFxM9TJTIietGQn6RItMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":603,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹词(int.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83ae9a1d84284fc687acae7ca3b68c7d","width":914},"text":"","id":"doxcn2mfJ14h5MQ1872rJaYD7ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOir01JItbm8zkBMQIFrMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们熟悉了解音标和单词之后我们就可以为自己制定学习计划了。以下是我总结出的学习计划,方法不一定适应每个人,但是希望会对大家有一个帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6SyAUawTd0bOXmIEyq7Th"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.我们可以将5500个常见词汇分为30-50个Unit,每天背诵一个Unit(100-200个单词),一个月就可以完成一轮背诵,然后第二、三个月进行第二轮、三轮巩固复习。当然,每天早上背完一个新的Unit之后,我们需要在第30分钟、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、对每个单元进行及时重复复习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXZrxfyR3uLIJucYleZmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.【具体方法】:早上:拿一张白纸挡住中文意思,只看英文单词开始背诵,勾出不认识的单词。背完一个Unit之后,立刻把勾出的单词再背一遍(依旧遮住中文意思),","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果还是有某个单词不认识","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",就再打勾背诵;30分钟后:把勾出来的单词重新自测一遍;晚上:睡前把打了2次及以上勾的单词重新自测一遍。以此类推,反复记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6zJRsNTiqwrslqkdVHGgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.【注意要点】:一定要严格按照表格重复,不要偷懒!不要偷懒!不要偷懒!如果偷懒一次,漏下一两个单元,今天耽误了,那明天想补救就会很难。比如,你3月20号背诵了Unit 12,你不仅要在30分钟后和晚上睡觉之前复习两遍Unit 10,你还需要在背完Unit 12后同步复习之前背过的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBOKtBWoGR6lvFb2PoVOtkG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":623,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/932ea040dbdd4751ac4bc6f9ae5ab66b","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnOFskaqaB9SjBk45NQep5oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者在这边也分享一下自己学习单词的视频链接:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",该视频里可以帮大家有效的学习到单词的读音,同时在视频中也教给大家如何利用学到的音标来进行拼读单词。如果有兴趣学习的小伙伴们可以跟着视频进行单词的学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTCkkzyQZTOBUXECbvYv2Wf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"APP推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK09UosVIi2YiwQHFV86yCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"百词斩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjHXslIAexQp0yTProWlEBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全民用的最多最火的背单词神器,下载量高达3亿,评分超级高。关键是适合不同年龄层次的人,可根据自己的身份选择不同的单词文本,有小学、初中、高中、大学、四六级、专业六级、八级,适合零基础的成年人从头开始学习。还有不同的背单词场景,根据不同的图片背诵单词,记忆效果很好,对零基础的成年人很友好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CtsMkPF3eTYq1eeCCgiUe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":472,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"百词斩","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fbfef7748a924c678b23b91155cd175d","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnerUpvZmVMFL415XQ3QSH6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"沪江开心词场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfmEVymN9J6brAtEO8nWtrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"趣味性极强的背单词神器,成功解决了背单词枯燥无味的问题。这个APP最大的特点就是,在闯关的过程中,顺便把单词背诵了,轻松有趣,很适合成年人在上下班地铁上背诵。闯关的过程,也是检验你是否掌握单词的过程,不记住,闯不了关,让你干着急,激发你的闯关欲望。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYBcUZCaoSITDt6e3u8sKzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":413,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"沪江开心词场","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2144d956c812406e9adfa86e4cadc5e1","width":619},"text":"","id":"doxcnEIIrzeOWtYG6s4bZMYXaWv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扇贝单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrBHwj7AdcE2gFJvFpXxaGi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不仅可以背单词,还可以做笔记。和其他APP不一样,这个软件背诵单词的速度飞快,不过还会有第二轮的检验,反复巩固,加强背诵效果。背诵之前,还会问你认不认识这个单词,如果不认识,出现的频率会更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlePYP6B3qvZFrr1gHL6yKN"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":525,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"扇贝单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69721704242f4e83a45f841440324b26","width":785},"text":"","id":"doxcnpaLd0wRL7VZ23gphHs0wph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCxFyqXKxXgSk6M6CkwLYEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们认识了单词之后,就可以来了解每个单词组成句子的语法问题。其实任何一门学科都是由浅入深的,英语也不例外。学习语法就像造房子,首先要把基础的语法脉络理清,打好根基,之后再慢慢补充和拓展,让知识巩固起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPOeGocuMzPCdkNQBdmHxjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语语法最基础的就是简单句的组成,之后我们才会慢慢了解到并列句、复合句以及从句,以下是我总结出的语法内容,我们一起来看看吧!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27kKkfooGNBXIP4Zxx3Z8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaJy8VEpjdj6hlFLRREf2Dg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有的句子都是通过简单句而组合的,只不过句子的结构拓宽了一点, 词汇丰富了一点,从而演变为其他的长句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG1g4SMQNGSLQaJhbNS2u4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.主谓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSsdyyIbBacwGufN9q1Ljy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓就是主语 + 谓语的组合,比如:Spring comes 。这句话中主语是spring ,谓语是 comes 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVkN3z1OEZX66FHA74jLG2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语就是引领句子的开头部分,是一个句子的主体,英文是 subject ,我们用字母 S 代替。谓语可以理解为动词,英文是 verb,我们用字母 v 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvO6pufvGXZAnG9B5mCS8ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.主谓宾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYsoQlFh2Vg4paDNGw6bcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据字面的意思就是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语组合而成的句子,比如 : I love you .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbtx9eCItlnoOZQkq3k1Fhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这句话中主语是 i ,谓语是 love ,宾语就是在谓语后面的词,这里是 you。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkROuofxsCDFtOur8IpHyDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语的英文是 object,这里用字母 o 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniN76YN2qs3OiVRGSv0p6vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.主谓宾宾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThUEgQqMU70kOj1b4CSQYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLPqIHpvrh27HH092gOT4oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTeMZtDsE6ttx0Xrrd5vKaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 :I give you money .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2pcOY1lf9ggGINF9T1O4Jl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的宾语,give you 和 give money ,所以都是两个宾语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAdsX6Hwd12M5h5tvdR7Xec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.主谓宾宾补","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrTqqGQ2wNHk6kvbuvuXYze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvVbyOMLWBe5OLURd0FZCkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 :It makes me happy .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpuev3tXTY45i7tAMXH8mgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的 me 是 make 的宾语,但是 happy 不是 make 的宾语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj1jiujWYbkApSgX8njYdne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"happy 是 me 的形容词,是一个宾补,全称为宾语补足语,起到了补充说明的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOtZhb7oXorBivpETAwnHZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意 :区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaXCewUaMSIFiUFYjKxYmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词,而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词,与谓语没有任何关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmzqMJ5W3shDYYdTBCzT9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.主系表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9Os59ogFDKLfyxMiGdkhQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntkh1Czp5EzORdX1aL4b58g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A be 动词 : am is are was were","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjzv2rQWkZcH2gtgJiRAlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B 感官动词 (五官)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGzjUgHpHLyfq1Y8Whafjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"look 看起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRQ6Kn3egjiLYtvBYfllzoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sound 听起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAp44KkbWgO0whufxhMPhZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"smell 闻起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQNBIRWNxwkBYHmzhHUIbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"taste 尝起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSpGrlCfNd7fu5MjVZnGDwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"feel 摸着....感觉......","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSnsqUOkpiOZRvKB717V6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C 变化动词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDnZOPCHrsiUvjgYYDQz36b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"become / turn / go / get / grow","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcK22Lfg7dOiKvh6iVIR4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的表是代表表语,包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式todo","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0Qsi6sVQ1lQdVpdB4W43d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 you are beautiful 这句话中,you 是主语,are 是系动词,beautiful 是表语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlu1gGIOyBcyiYk7G6zBcGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6K5WyFO9t3xyXzGmJumjCX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子,通过并列词成了并列句,通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 :","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8bhZbi9IlyJd7r551DbNtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句:简单句+并列词+简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJjw6p4uviFj384dseJb2Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列词一般有:and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0xGsWUZkMHCckTkzzaOyxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.表示并列:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27j7rX5678xpGTJ0XuhVHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"and,not only...but also...,neither...nor...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7kLDR0jeB84Ofv04m7F8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxwbAhygM7A7FhOcX5wo6Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.表示选择:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6vbMtVlXLoc4s4eIC4Woew"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"or,or else,otherwise,either...or...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntPQounOFqkqGWKjY3fEsrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hurry or you won't make the train.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4zMWhhDgyStp6fn5cfqCpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.表示对比、转折:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7ovsvA1tEQCm4N4RYJQcAC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"but,whileyet,however,never,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCATnSoOHXbbwBTVBJAlE0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like tea while she likes coffee.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX43vgUOKbiPPtlXexw5Owe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.表示原因:for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyRCBm4cLabeGoN6z2KpT7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am thirsty , for it is hot .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmnvydZUKe0g0rCgnLRIxnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复合句:简单句+从属连词+简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZBqbcKAkuwKo4V3rdXDk1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从属连词有:that /wether/if。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFHd9a34MVmPvDKAMqvSFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"从句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJZqqCmGi3IQMLrakiBPIHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词性从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLDUabdoQXotYo468TrAglf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时,又被称呼为不同的名字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZm4Fot0gwpFTFEQXAQNNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当作为主语时,称为主语从句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRqtpDhC0iURGHaJkYhaIqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当称为宾语时,称为宾语从句,同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 :","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8rE1CL4XhBkcFSAn56SOnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语从句 What she said is wrong .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu09Y7LyO4xluUx9FRZo86W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3CnOkb1yIB3pvDNkpA8v1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzc6fLFEeQjjreChZzbVCbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkCHCX4gJvts46v5fbPDbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住一点,不管什么从句,你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx6EcNa7gJXReAqxIDkUpth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语,就是主语从句,作宾语就是宾语从句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoHRJCXnkKJ6KoWRA6963S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZGgiKPR3Hd49uDpmQAT2qi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlLd9Lf8BZFw89envDMpwNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修饰限定名词,汉语中“的”前面的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk11n8EwFH0hxVcCfIoEhef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关系代词引导的定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGb18qxj1ZSpaHaTraL2Xfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.who指人,在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19AF8EqfjswU1uQ8fYqjpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2isjftuM4vRySpCopRsxEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISuz5ChabNzCWx7W1RWh7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUxL7PkeYA5GpLALH2bQ5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFzUyHQf7gLI6JaNt6092lO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzr9vw3cdap0CSf5tPTXIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoY8cakONmsdHcBCWAjZZRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlnHzXxRxNy1P6xsKAyt8Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关系副词引导的定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTyuo7WXgIOPuSRs5t31kNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"when where why","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOMggk4tuYr2Spl8l4HNsf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetlithDV41CEd5qrnBOnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna99jgP4VRqKUDFCh1c0Vqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.时间状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK557GoXuRB0DepI9eUEKVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY9A3WRHvEoZyRH4mgBxWBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO9mpSScZPXVqMdMxTV5cig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was fat when I was a child.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUvKv5TzXCc7qPGjfkmXre6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.地点状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhrRk2C9ELJZJVRBRFS217b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:where","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDPoCjDYcuHEdKpc5uTxNTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyse40io4DSVHmpndgooDRk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Keep it where you can see it.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBE3v8P8OvbFztN2CEJHyPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.原因状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgw4c1MB3hciTwGsIHjD1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:because, since, as, for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpEIyogb586tuihCV0oW2jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGxscoAEJ5Hdr7z3X43MDxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnTL2ta9nONJbiLE9UwMlwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.目的状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSC7TsYeNceQ8DSYpw8Hy1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:so that, in order that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDJovz1SBH3hMLfu5A1gbX5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugOpDvFF16uZHkeI3takyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"study hard so that you can pass the exam.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7o1MZIjrqwbKzgKqWMeMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.结果状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JgIgQ5oAdYmVRBnISWiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncA6YkRxHow0L2KdBaFJeie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl56POCYiYeSN1q2fAHcBHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He got up so early that he caught the first bus.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFD9lnwoLuipHftNbM8tYjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.条件状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNDWXvBCRyhkXuXxvbeG0hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:if, unless,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkzKtd2JK04n2D60buHq7lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnutMRwJ7rM6y457Wge0i2cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"If you ask him, he will help you.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngjxiUiCjgdn5evgZ8yW83c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7.方式状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7IZWCwsvJeUciduGkyKwQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:as, as if, how","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUbZEvewwKGKsbxCq3G0PMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:the way","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsILfEq5J7eJEWbkDTYFoAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Think as i think","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqMqw1ImirgHb4SEhVuDbre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8.比较状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfFrkpc1lo30QWxGEV4g4lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRZZkeyqPct5gPPL7Sdpd0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpqloCbQ0lWphQhi7W3WGUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The house is three times as big as ours.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP43ykkHwBZZf28Z4XjsPxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9.让步状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXexLVWzZYULCNnnhpaC0lE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGeI6QqkEmcEB87bc7QDZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndam24WmxWEl6DGz8itqsJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Though I believe it,yet I must consider.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcBctl7G18X76WRBw0X8zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2ALi5xvrnpCECATJSYi8Aa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时态的本质是:时+态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0RzBG8YNjomvF4EJnMoEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以学习时态,一定要把时和态分开来看待。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwbsFqf514uQDXAiB5xr4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am a teacher.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjOHxFwdf9610xLo0S60HCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这句话,时间是“现在时”,状态是“一般态”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6yMyrRRViyI6FfWaktCU4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语里有4种时间:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0dp910IoQD9QmFJOdiTTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"过去,现在,将来,过去将来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntjdIrt1MCv88xMT18trxIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语里有4种状态:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p5k90Evt9vdcUYpzv3bDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般态:非完成,非进行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnyPmiDBiluGbbx0fQvIp4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行态:动作的延续","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniK7Iyckr6AJ5NBxfqhXN2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成态:在截止时间时,完成了的事情","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Oo93t06MB5iqyom10fpdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成进行态(几乎不用):过去是,到截止时间是,将来还是的事情(强调截止时间)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyJHMdd3b1btfA2I4bBvfXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图,两个是我整理的笔记内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJUPWwnm2bwJkrv0Z3F3nab"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":424,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2dc0dab104834b4bb1f7d53a2f7a46c1","width":655},"text":"","id":"doxcnacTHReq9vY7EdPLRySxNuR"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c756989bbd1044669a5be67dcca136ab","width":732},"text":"","id":"doxcnjvcu0bJIHneLs2da29o5sf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.从阅读时理解语法,再用语法书夯实理解而成的专业知识。举一个典型的例子。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"冠词the看似简单","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",实际上用法难懂变化多端。一本详细的语法书通常会记录数十条应用the的规则,及其不计其数的不可抗力事件,并且除外中依然存在除外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn13CYDTYmGFMYhO4Z0G0K6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.学精语法,英语语感比规则关键。培养阅读英文的好习惯。仍以the为例。每一次读书的时候难免会遇到the字数十次,而每次都是看到不同情况,不同类型的句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO7utA8kzs7fho4Rnuqhshx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.读书时碰到疑惑,前去阅览语法书。这时候,语法书里的复杂规则就恰好派上用场了。由于你明白自己要请,都知道这种语法规则用于具体的语句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuAo8ooj0JDnIeeXJC9rqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d20390155029456ba85d3be1b02f7dcb","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnIxTn5tMBhHbk6etfGhoFQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWRAe34frk1DPhorGHasOYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下几个图片是我在网上进行搜索归纳的总结性笔记,一列为一种总结内容,图一至图四为整体内容,图二衔接图一结尾,图三衔接图二结尾,图四衔接图三结尾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHM7jS22SIvOiOR7gesRIJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYGhPQ8DSRSQ7k8bVkAmbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1156,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9695cee9acd141eeb4f9542e91566552","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnhOznOxYYndRfHlBebxV8If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzrImd5S33fFzYkuLMB1Thc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1106,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b4e7741267af4905a893bab3415491a3","width":1625},"text":"","id":"doxcnBVLTykjbKK4Ic2SInpWwvq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图三","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjChnYpwrYqwW8VTRNwVhys"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1138,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e2e930112d64db68cb988a6985bfe6f","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnZ4IPuwd5kjKsPoKgyWNVqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图四","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAzKKhpUpFSmKdoFngg9uj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":909,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/beb01fb9ec8049cd924ed826b6db69d5","width":1624},"text":"","id":"doxcnC8K6ks6ssQhrZE1BIokaSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"给大家讲了这么多书面上的语法问题,作者在这里给学习英语的小伙伴们介绍一下我在学习英语时候借鉴的视频。视频中老师充分讲解了初步学习英语适用的语法问题,在讲解的同时还为大家用例句进行了说明。视频链接如下:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMgGOx32f12plxMYnR8Sdn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttxR0Tfpm1yJbn7S4UNEPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVgJWo7kmf56Z05lOQ9Y1gb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容非常简单,可以帮助语法薄弱的学习者慢慢理解语法。它分为三个部分:初级句型、中级句型和高级句型。初级句型共讲解了五种基本句型;中级句型有四种,即形容词从句、名词从句、状语从句和倒装句。另外这本书的冠词、不定式和动名词的语法相比其他语法书的讲解更透彻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIgcKtZmYbC4WxA1uvXhTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a455616550e34d90afd72c7fb6375029","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnHlZtGWMWCnWcSJaS7G4qkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《English Grammar in Use》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTFM7ROjBTxghbsJPkGrCbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书的语法范例,主要是以情景为例,将抽象的语法概念更具体化、也易于理解。书中材料均来自英语母语国家,表达地道,让学习者可以学以致用,让学习的效率更好。全书图文并茂,内容生动,对语法知识点进行分类对比,可以让学习者快速梳理思路,学习起来事半功倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZIILWbHHkQuGmi4aBZ9Ufe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":526,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b2c42c5de9ce4434ae8f984e64a7088a","width":789},"text":"","id":"doxcnT1MSFjFggedQUbMWRQ1dDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《柯林斯英语语法》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGu8LJqVqDUPil6fnZxXxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《柯林斯英语语法》的体例和所有的英语语法书都不一样,不是按照句型排列的,而是按照表达法和表达功能排列的,而内容也侧重于灵活实用的功能语法讲解,强调语法和词汇的结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzaz1Rtt5HB4TM8DwO808je"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":686,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30982e4142d548c4968007b96f2e4ace","width":1027},"text":"","id":"doxcnqES1yHBd0cMdKAa5i1hBWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn0nGWZYIAYYa18gNM31Wff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过了单词和语法的认识,持之以恒记忆对话、课文中的佳句是丰富我们语言,积累句式的好方法。而能对熟悉的句子进行变通也是学习英语的重要技巧之一。现在虽然考试不考句型转换,但是句型转换可以加深我们的记忆和知识的拓展。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(想详细了解英语造句内容的可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识英语基础","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXMDWrzox2UdAqyFCO3eNgd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM73tNQ9AXsi2zaT4N8OvAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种,其中,主语和谓语是主要成分有,表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分是次要成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkhxsoXgRJo4rro7rLtpDjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、主语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY5BM1z3Yjy6Ujzvc0hYCnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0s7KZQb6YMEZ1DaX3uaWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The sun rises in the east. (名词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6JIEUIEvJh9eyVh8mR8ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He likes dancing. (代词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLoN8qoA6jOuwdEIgwexjmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、谓语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIHCil4IIPTW55ckct5QDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrQS8YKWUYuTCNnIjiobeMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"We often speak English in class.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3HaNT5GpxU81Uv8iAVBKgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cRy3khvk0MCLzFM23VXXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3VHOgsEAtOXmk2KX4Fwcbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzCGQVlui4dthWYjWX9XYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFvgKUJPmOIylvs138Utvyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWGjGM3HER20HF4mawNmyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、定语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugXIexeJ5aLiGIrYBJFAhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYOixbx0BYHx66pGNn0sjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYdvIN7Khzk0f3rVjkgcJEH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaaWG7VikQJdMEg4IN4djd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、状语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXLZriQiPslgZmDPhT8Zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnev42QgmX28dduOgV46GdKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Light travels most quickly. (副词及副词性词组)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRCImB7FIwJ26I2qfFmHbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbijUYPOyzMS4BDHufAQAph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、补语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpZly8E7GCl1mKApuWPZjyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZdDpX7V2RszuRXLVpS6e2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"His father named him Dongming. (名词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRjdSvxsVQUbvsb8jzZdWfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They painted their boat white. (形容词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKEQQuQc9YccxX5a5itOjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"七、表语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnANZ6TfZoCI37m2KoXON5yh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHnDxNnj08Ff7UpCLb29og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYVDBK7YbzuMDpjzRRmeug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"八、同位语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl039rxzRXbLkHRViJ6Lieh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。同位语和补语的区别在于:补语不能缺少,同位语可以缺少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gmNyprrTgWRQHv5N04obc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"九、独立成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQXXdZhlyzzPKr1t1GtP1Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"独立成分,是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面,与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时,它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWr4o2ODMQotKBHk6wbq2d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyq0bIM74F6EZYYWy6hh9Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。陈述句的核心是非常基础的。这个句子里有一个名词和一个动词。句子可以有其他成分,如形容词、副词和其他词。但是最简单的形式就是名词和动词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVp3pyjHZ1o89YsMOU2Rl1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陈述句的基本句型:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYXr3LzD0cFkj0FEkjmCkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)主语+连系动词+表语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX0gKKGtyQCL6opKZMCXr8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfH6bkRz1iIZ2t9vIiRRksc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlczsezkRhMsHzPd8Aoxw5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO3dv72R3uS9wNNc4wWTfRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)主语+谓语(及物动词) V.+宾语+宾语补足语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt33KmVGc4GesAK1fzdyPoc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"肯定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlfQ75ODhofVvrUVDmON8Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river flooded.河水泛滥了。(主谓 )","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnofCMsXnZ6ev4xSdNSFKB7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主谓滨)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1JQPc3MfxW8gdDfMKB9o2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can teach you English.他可以教你英语。(主谓+双宾)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW7HEZOK2x8ZiecRJsc57Ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He painted the desk blue.他把书桌涂成了色。(主谓滨宾补)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmNsaB5AOmqF0MeT3Gt1g4p"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is a doctor.他是一名医生。(主系表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneriwUiAI3OWrkNNs7Vko2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"否定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBaGQt354sbBKzsNPqz8QPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river did not/didn't flood. 河水没有泛滥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkNL2yZvzT6tSMhAPi5e2W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他没有幽默感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhjiSTi0GZyouew9DMRbqdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrYqJGDjdXDMokXmGMWV2Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He didn't paint the desk blue.他没有把书桌涂成蓝色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLAdCk3F0udFVjhRORcgOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名医生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYFKGig5anbAJhpwdGUMTLg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD0TdW6iWNi2rgvbWNuzH7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz3fWdWu6dYRJAs9BxHfadk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实,其回答通常是yes或no,因此这类问句又叫做“是非问句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoMTLxBXUg63m3YB4BAH6Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Is there something wrong with this machine?这台机器有问题吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCf98jmmG9fLEdUvfZVlah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了吗? ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACDsS2X0n9rKX8aXhpTLhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go on?我们继续向前吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbqUsTz9bHHcli9fZLe0hCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Will he not agree with you?他不同意你吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmtQG7lHPJZoHr9K75hJLdD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Haven't you any sisters?你没有姐妹吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN2idvuqJtvtl2N96wP6y0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't you like this movie?你不喜欢这部电影吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSf5mWamlbnO53a40lF6cff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDxYuR4fYrM7rJvKsRvjjgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑问句是对句中的某一部分提出疑问,通常以who、where、when、why等疑问词开头,因此又叫“wh-问句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFPlTuXGpUYJ7nfxRLkZGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Who are you?你是谁?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6lEONTnSd6DbEMe3y6m3WE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和谁打乒乓球?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncRRlEvQuNPcIfJ4b9KTgtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whose glasses are broken?谁的眼镜打碎了?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI5whj7J8WXAjeV78zhsEQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnpmOZr3KXytK5usOnhuMEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What do they want to do?他们想要做什么?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvU1DTLJ2kVkIvLFK3XHXbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"When does she want to practice?她想要什么时候练习?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrZc7rs7NKiryQIvDUgKrmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Where is the restroom?洗手间在哪里?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttbEBfqQfomY4G0xYgEINf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Why did you leave?你为什么离开了 ?|","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mYEg4oMjgBf2EE0Zw21Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"How do you study English?你怎么学习英语?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhoVGbbUloIx3LKFX4PVNTg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlpZWiDpowGm0csSHzFxQZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择疑问句是对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问方式。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn967odvYj0RR5keeNO5U9de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go by bus or by train?我们乘汽车还是乘秋车?,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr5r1RLK5BR9dYpFudVzS5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我帮你,还是你自己解决?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0B5kOAnR8vaHJVjqa5pWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一样, 咖啡还是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGpSTLACZXguAekYDOYoWAj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Coffee or tea?咖啡还是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Mjip9XpYZGdBhatcrF3ue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰,你最喜欢哪样?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIGlJ6JDtSLXz10dPpfwdtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"反义疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0kRglqChzA8pZK9AstF7fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"反意疑问句又称为附加疑问句,英语称为tag question,是一种常用于口语的疑问句式,主要由“陈述句(或祈使句) + 疑问句”构成。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE3PtziIk0a9RZB63oo5hcv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句有 be 动词时,以该be动词形成反问;陈述句有助动词(will、shall、can、have...)时,以该助动词形成反问;陈述句只有动词时,按主语人称及该动词时态,置 do、does、did 形成反问。下面是句型。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRCl1Pd9EzwAyzCzQYOZvXa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Study hard, will you?要用功,好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnufZ5wiE0UF5m3sJqsJamQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't do it, will you?不要做这件事,好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZXfFQ996Cadw2LlEQLAGUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let me go, will you?让我走,好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2RXcPwowdoD5HdwSbgLLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let's stop here, shall we?我们在这里停下,好吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02QQ6JNcnL73C1lpiadyF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在这个咖啡厅有无线网络,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvdI6BMTcZj0Fao6JnlqZkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzNxN0fYWeCjWho80EOwhpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅长数学,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIUoXgdL9z4qpX3vwkpswd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"John is going to study English, isn't he? John会学习英文,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSJtc2x7GlFKrBHLCpT6I7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUlMxrzw1ADWZOX2RwRsTqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句是英语中的一个句式,也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8yexivfY5nXi70BEvxOObb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":553,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c03a42953f0478a8235a64272e9d131","width":915},"text":"","id":"doxcnHeINouDJUcRgghMw6TWLvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpwIVxv1aU51hkxjvqT2syg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句是英语四大功能句型之一,主要用来表示高兴、愤怒、厌恶或者欣赏等强烈感情的句子,句末通常用感叹号!结尾,说话时用降调。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowqJgF7c9vAXFKGWl4alfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c45f9ca9b5db492c816bf334a39817ce","width":1079},"text":"","id":"doxcnxzaNej89cvkmYGGT1yNeMz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8hpxbXoQZw8QBNE5bKPCXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语)构成。只有一套主谓结构。主语可理解为“谁?”,谓语视为“做什么?”“是什么?”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22RGQBMXTyQY141ic8wQLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句五种基本句型:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnseRcAD6RspymnAePU59pgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主系表 SVP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpUiYrLpMY9vOTF0BaQX2P4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓SV","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngnNsOmd7jHEFxkQAC8PwGW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾SVO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjPv65QbjbcC7O7TafsNehg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓双宾SVOO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6CbV42IgCVBYh3hWCdo2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾宾补SVOC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXGOWIRYZCqnbTGiRHVjdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVfhjECy4SPLEoEmmovQ7ad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/209ed9c279194d449c04709817ce01ad","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnWtKiWieERz8SIrKGYo0kof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvK1dZSJ9beTgUSAZ764Fif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列而成,有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。并列句的基本句型:“分句+并列连词/特殊符号+分句”。并列连词:and(和,而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因为) so (所以)。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnevPcYXZIbS14HlLwjdzi4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":555,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/509a2fb7d8314abc82c8e092d40111e8","width":890},"text":"","id":"doxcniKNFBENGpNchVaL0zXqWzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊句式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJqFcNuCUWaiEYYcscGJAyn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnthBrV1bxnITixNJEHXVfPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"英语","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中是用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义,而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以从结构,句型来分析,可以有多种时态形式。相关的语法重点有:存在句的谓语动词,存在句非限定形式,存在句主谓一致等。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw8u6iz34h3LpTMSN7jupDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73afbf7743cf404ba512639eae92f403","width":684},"text":"","id":"doxcnGPMzTRHTrd4vGWFfGTSUGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrte54LEyfxQTHQm5RvlrSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在英语中,名词可以省略,动词可以省略,动词当中不但系动词这样的可以省略,连实意动词也是可以省略的,只要它已经出现过了。会使用省略句是英语水平走向高阶的一个标志,在使用省略句的时候,不要担心对方看不懂或者听不懂。只要你用的正确,不存在别人不能理解。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMcL8HKVuxNaXyPpt28Efe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7db2fd9c00fd480eb7e4326e50c9f033","width":671},"text":"","id":"doxcnSZ6iUEtW58RMKnedHkF4ig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"倒装句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxlJiYoDl36mUGAHR6HQM1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"语序","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"句式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。英语倒装句的7种形式,希望能帮助你理解英语句子。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuySu7eg6Dix9u0iXEgQx0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"倒装句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0fc7aa9c8734ea6b4ee294e99c3dc7a","width":719},"text":"","id":"doxcnvyO2dKHfKIEnF60fdAK4Se"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvQk7sQmCrcRMdHiqlMykXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句型是一种特殊句式,用于表示说话者强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是通过某种手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更重要。强调句型的结构如图所示:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0i33Lp9pAuWCC4Sz5ZD9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":740,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b91cf42bfeac4f219b734bce59b8836c","width":1153},"text":"","id":"doxcncxZueckJE2V9unMRc11e6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7THJYFgeUAP738ZX2HMeCR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第一步】:看大标题,图片,小标题,看完之后大概猜测文章是关于什么的,目的在于对文章有个模糊的印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKhRjn3qXjfJVQjrN5quWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第二步】:重点略读,主要读每段第一句和最后一句,大概了解每个段的内容,目的在于对文章结构有个整体把握,比如典型的结构——介绍问题、给出原因、提出解决方法、说明潜在风险、对未来进行判断。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O2dw1bWolFjkW38mCgPz9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第三步】:全文略读,读的时候让尽可能多的信息进入眼眶,略读次要信息,抓重点信息(核心观点、重要前提、重要假设),并对重点信息进行精读,同时对觉得不错的内容再进行标记。目的在于掌握重点信息,方面以后复查或者积累写作素材。(这时候不懂的单词可以圈起来,只要不影响文章大意理解就不查,等到最后一步再查)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniHEGSXYT2nxppKRBWZ45Jf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第四步】:不断来回查找信息,对比是否存在疏漏,目的在于梳理文章结构,掌握文章整体脉络。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDhhkkvtV8rRvNC7bsza23b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第五步】:带着结构重新略读阅读信息,精读标记信息,看是否理解清楚,是否需要进一步的查询工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDwn7yFvE5euPKdiyVuR5Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划制定好后,作者这边推荐小伙伴们可以在b站上跟着这位老师学习学习,他的视频内容充分的为大家解决了句型问题,同时还利用造句的方式帮助小伙伴们可以更加深刻的了解英语句子的组成部分,视频链接如下:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX1Lyz1eF3mUpTa7q8yvaih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnclB8F8RfjWQS1ZGaTmk5ff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《读者文摘》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoJdmQYzbm4zf4ejQOqXtFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读者文摘在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"创刊","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",这是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。适用人群是英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqhJKJCHzbYd2LwLLxaw1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性,中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。非常适合考试党提高英语能力和语感,是夯实英语基础的大众型读物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJblhctnFwrFB9szmOPAYoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买方式:直接联系中图订购纸本,这种刊物在国内订阅是完全许可的。都是英文原版,按期引进。读者文摘是那种小册子,时代是标准的杂志。现在国家对外籍刊物进口管理比较严格,自己从网上订电子版往往会被屏蔽掉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAg6lna6AEISLMHnMWaPlwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":700,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed45d9432f6d48038eaf53b1b50fd0b0","width":1050},"text":"","id":"doxcn7BHlMZEgR0Bfxl0wKN106c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"经济学人","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5qVgfWzE8N3RdjJLxGYUKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志,创办于1843年9月,创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智,幽默,有力度,严肃又不失诙谐,并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名,是社会精英必不可少的读物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzM2fPOheGGYJCa8pAJv8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"里面的文章十分经典,经常出现在考研的阅读理解里面,可见里面的用词、用句的高水平。还有很重要的一点,就是《经济学人》里面还会涉及大量的词汇、固定搭配以及长难句,不仅仅是提升阅读水平,对于词汇积累、语法提升等都大有好处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeyyDDxNWtjPCOgp5h8LXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就里面所有的板块和内容而言,个人最喜欢其中的 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"obituary","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 和 special report 部分,前者会写很多有趣的人,很有意思。后者则涉及政治、经济、社会、科技领域的时新专题报道,属于涨知识的必备栏目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU2lGZISzbtOQJ0hgF9ht9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读方式:一些免费提供离线资源的网站,这块要用谷歌搜,或者用必应国际版,但很多更新更新着就不更新了,免费的可以搜一个关键词:西贝博客。还有国内一些网站提供付费的离线资源,这块是一种选择,只要会用指令搜索,就可以搜索进行查看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBDBhwGuTF6Y9q0K8UZgFWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有就是通过发邮件到经济学人官方,咨询他们有哪些授权渠道商,再通过这些渠道商去订阅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneDYgFa6dIluIcKzeAknWhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":663,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6c09a1dd0b64fc58b21d0d3a96ef076","width":973},"text":"","id":"doxcn8jxBuGxQxPmQXTyuRKzfde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语中期学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZt8uMGUPRo8V8im591dVif"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0epC41eglSTzsosGbIavh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在锻炼听力的时候一定不要听那些东拼西凑的英语磁带,而是选择一个听力材料就彻底把它拿下。材料里的每一个单词、每一个短语都要听清楚。为了达到这一点,你必须听写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9XUbwIIzg8oDX83HZyXKxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"听力","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa24511943ad423e9bed1e34a320dde5","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcnKv48CpMJjLajyYXc0pouae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzMd0ooJutFMUz0OZqeCwqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步是先纠正自己的音标,这是最基础的,我们之所以听不懂是因为我们发音不标准,我们也听不出来英语发音。所以首先必须纠正好自己的音标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEdM2LsfAKWR6HNHVmhg2gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步是要扩大自己的单词量,好多人不注意这一点,认为听力的单词量有限,但是一定要把自己的单词量扩大到一定的范围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhNSI81bh6GMHiZw0Uvx2xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步是训练听力,首先训练单个单词,先听单个单词,然后在逐渐的听句子,这是很主要的,要循序渐进。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3yasqt8PVyvdfJ1Hj4oFpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步是在听听力的时候,一定要在自己听不懂的地方多听几遍,并把相关的单词和句子抄下来,经常去阅读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnreD2PtoRVzFOjkk7tAasUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步是每天坚持听听力至少2个小时,这是非常关键的一步,不要怕辛苦,坚持下来就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPkUHlTFddlEBYsC3MgrCIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六步是可以坚持看美剧或者坚持听外国的音乐和相关的歌曲,对自己的听力都有很大的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx3R4068GWCDbQifRgcWJPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"听力的基础练习可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"发音词典","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(这是用户)进行用于听力练习,这个老师的视频中开头部分就为大家制定好了听力规则,在观看视频的时候也可以充分的锻炼自己的英语听力。视频的链接如下:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8FVl4pJ2vSGrePfW1MGvce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习小技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkN1wpXb0j2dCuwdq84efWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、学会抓关键词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EqyWTvUywCro4XBoYxNwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在听力过程中,我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间,快速浏览选项,对比其不同之处,在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份,帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnydSflSO3XiLXE3DbacpQmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、学会划分意群","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5TJgyVHqlUnLeWhL7TiXve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听,想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的,也是很难做到的。因此,我们要学会划分意群来听,分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间,并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7h0dyChjbb7sCui3hA6GOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学会提前思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQspMHU3xk0sDWGGXNVlPmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在听力开始之前,你就要浏览完材料,结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么,目的又是什么。并学会猜测,包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置,所以,听听力要积极主动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3ClKnJ9e1gQZcjtwET6MBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、学会做笔记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUE0RmQjdnQTdu1LPmsSOee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰,让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神,记住相关信息,因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的,因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMXGUhlbc57SMPMlRspWP9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学会注意数字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZTIPpQBWtOnyymvmy64sgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意以下几方面:常规数字的连读,百分数,分数,小数,百分比,电话号码,航班号,驾照号,信用卡号等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrsFTyiPi7cEpejGRDc0bPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"text":"","id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Learning English","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQ6fzjxKQxaSONRpBG7zBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我一定要把它放在第一位,因为只要想到网路上的免费英文学习资源,第一个要推荐的绝对是BBC Learning English。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyt4VyHUNlepoNZrZcjnwpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个被公认为全球最佳的英文学习网站,不只具有英文单字词汇、文法、发音、听力、会话、阅读以及学习测验等丰富多元的学习教材,而且也一直持续更新教学内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqApD00g0lOexyWgq0ZOQGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了可以用网路学习之外,也可以免费下载mp3语音和文字稿到电脑,当作持续自学进修练习的免费教材。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfOLXyRgbV7xNPhKMpDSVne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":448,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e913fb04c2264cf988f77a15dfd0d31a","width":687},"text":"","id":"doxcnjIQsMQiGBRrao7JobdIF1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"TED","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYelIUmcvEwovBCnWOA4jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TED Talks是可以一边听演讲一边训练英文听力的网站。在这里有不同领域的专业人士所发表的科学、娱乐、文化、教育、艺术等等专题英文演讲影片,除了训练正式英文的听力之外,还可以增长知识,开拓自己的视野。可以观看约10~20分钟TED Talks练习英文听力,听不懂时,还可阅读演讲稿理解影片内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUta5inyr6K3SDQvaSC2G2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":799,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2002cfa50c14029b7f00abac5e79b4e","width":1201},"text":"","id":"doxcnWUlwAtqF05xze1WKEyJ69d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"English Online France","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LpG4czz6oM0cDt2Gd0mJO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"English Online France是一个非常有趣的在线英文听力训练网站,依照初级、中级和高级区分的英文听力训练教材共超过一百个项目,包括听写练习与测验的MP3语音教材以及听力练习与测验的影片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2NkXL6X0kZcPo7uVMWNfLI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9cef53fb83ee456f855abafe1b682163","width":971},"text":"","id":"doxcn4ptkZ85t8TasnhUru8hQVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3YjJRnkXUEZbKQQhh7jk0O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"语言不是教会的,而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望,应力争语言训练的各种机会。应该不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索,也可以","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"结合下文讲解,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在该连接中","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"看视频配合学习","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrcC1IGOuALt9pw7qUyz2Fv"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3fef193ad9d34d5c99e0c1d5e166215f","width":896},"text":"","id":"doxcn6mVn3Q0JYzoycJgoXxBh0c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnua575Ls8kF2CYx7wDtH5Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一定要用完整句子对话","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80chwA8vggV1g74yIymvyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"面对任何问题,都不能只回答表面内容,一定要在此基础上展开回答。如果别人问你一个问题,你只回答 Yes 或者 No,那如何提高口语呢?即使遇到了一个你根本不了解或者不会的问题,也千万不要用:“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”来回应。比如别人问了一个最基础的问题,“Where are you from?” 你千万不能只说:“I come from Beijing.”正确的做法是:先说明你来自北京,然后介绍一下北京的风土人情、家乡美食等等,最后再和对方互动一下,问你去过北京吗?或者你觉得北京这座城市怎么样呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Am29JWp2EnJRUJbgM0cAs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.多使用一些复杂句和从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEHGw7CDtKePv09IVO9GJub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在平时练习过程中,要将简单句和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"复杂句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"交错使用,不要一直用简单的句子,这样会显得你的水平很 Low,也不要一直说很复杂的句子,因为很容易出错。在变换不同的句式的时候,记得不要出错。避免一直说简单句的最好方法就是,多说一些稍微复杂一点的从句,比如定语从句、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"条件状语从句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、主语从句等等,同时一些相同意思的句子也不要用重复表达,要学会多尝试用不同的句式说出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntl5ggqZs1SveFYXERCKt7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.通过美剧学习口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzPBHKebdTWoMlsEiSqDjMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过美剧学习英语口语也是很多人可能有尝试的方法,对于上班族来说可以一边放松心情的同时学习英语。我建议可选择那些与日常生活比较贴近、故事情节较强的影视材料。例如金色年代。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqc0oBahh961fx6AGeNXnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":352,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cc317719f8e46358e6469afbdddf745","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcnUawhbt9LAbMNtGyT5rjQje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"MrYang杨家成","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",这个老师讲解的每个视频内容虽然简短,但是老师在讲解前就利用学生的错误发音进行纠正,充满趣味性的同时也能认识到口语发音方面的错误。我这边为大家找到一个不错的视频内容,链接如下:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",如果需要的话可以试着看看一看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAniyl28BcwrOMGSXZMG7Sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英音发音学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8jUdHxtD0q2Ca9U9XMhKcw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.建立英音的肌肉反射","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Bgwdg1Q7WFlotEPgFlzzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们开始在美音和英音间做出实质性的发音改变之前。我们首先要知道,发音的改变是要体现在每一个音上的,这样的改变才能导致整体上发音的变化。这包括说话过程中嘴型的变化,以及嘴部肌肉运动方式的变化。这是一个整体上的变化。并不只在有某个变化音的词里,你才能听到这样的变化,而是在每个音节上都可以听的出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9xr07pVHQAHJOjIbjJsxeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以想要练习一口标准的英式英语,第一步也是必不可少的一步就是练习音标。将每个音标老老实实的学习,通过肌肉发射,对后面的英式英语的口语练习能有很大的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc25ajSh9MJ9ZuAwKzwIk5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.建立英音语言环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDI3rJYrt2kCNtJSfaMWJmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学一门语言,最好的当然就是处于一个特定的语言环境内。既然我们是在国内,没有办法实现英式英语的环境,那么我就可以通过听力来实现输入的问题,通过口语来实现输出的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnItlQCgm0HI7U8XL0lN3nGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而对于锻炼听力,最推从的方法就是听万能的BBC了。你要知道,在BBC,不仅仅只有新闻的,BBC还有很多栏目,比如BBC Learning,就是可以通过上面的视频进行练习口语听力的栏目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwHmPWhIlSmkDLEJTASgmag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.建立口语交流机制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz7znoLcR8PJs5NGgEiTumf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在互联网这么发达,我们完全可以通过sns来和世界交流。你只要学会FAN墙,就可以通过Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp来找到愿意和你交流的人,如果他愿意学习中文是再好不过的了,这样互助互利是最持久的。不过记住,我们是要练习英式英语,所以最好找英国,或者加拿大的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrRBvMT5kQV0UBb8xf8Pcxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.英式发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPmSElkK8Ln9GVw9xhfqG7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“R”不发音,不卷舌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQqIl9vYv6nZ8N7aadglUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"T不发D音,发T音或不发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjwqt9HXoI1nICAJGGHbsCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"请注意,“H”并不总是发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAMcR2eJySZiDSAWw12USd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 单词“been”的读音是“bean”,而不是“bin”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpGGCrWQLAA9NEhwglolxKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结尾降调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6aeWLuqOC8x6mEvNnAis2b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美音发音学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN4ta7kwp7Fx0qE7s5mec4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.准备好学习的视频参照物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndaDJTU1LsVAhezCVIpznMX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仅仅是自己照着音标、课本练习朗读,不能使自己的发音改善。学习发音视频教程,才是最容易、最直观、最简单的方法。因为,可以直观地看到美国人的嘴形、舌头的位置,这样可以很容易自我调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ66dwrjnfif5ARMng7doIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"请在免费WiFi下,请自行百度:美式发音训练视频教程(汇总贴)。可以很容易找到美国Paul老师的视频教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntlV04Lro46oKCrXu0IO6Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.制定学习计划,每天学习1集视频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj4goxfOdeUXbx4eZFNzA4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天观看1集视频,并且在安静、不被打扰的环境下学习。跟着视频一起,自己张口练习。练习时,不用去记忆生词,只需要张口练习发音就好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykbhvgkb9sTQ7ddwKsjyBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习完1集视频后,找找自己熟悉的单词、简单句子,按照刚刚学会的方法轻松、张口朗读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHXjtIW65YnYS2zzXQJGd0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"嘴巴重新习惯需要时间。所以,请在学习第2、3、4天,轻松复习第1天学习的发音,并张口练习。这时,不用重新看视频,只需要读一读单词、简单句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIV3Peio8xvVmfsmovzgDze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.巩固训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh7WVDzXhSnPOLp84zocph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平时自己朗读自己喜欢的文章时,特意留意学会的新的发音。这是进步的最后一步。如果自己没有调整,还是按照自己以前的发音方法,那就没进步了!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKpCrCrsybqYTSoO0Gclod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果按照这样的步骤,认真练习,任何一个自己不会的发音,每位朋友都可以在1周内熟练掌握。1个月内就可以掌握所有的标准美式发音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN7Qg39OmoVkLqRiHmeMjmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.强化训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzbxdiLmiMlIUvH1PtxyOdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果学习过美国Paul老师的教程,还觉得不够。再推荐一个视频教程:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9gQ1q9mWplJ1yGiT1XLXyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美国 Lisa 老师的——Lisa美语视频教程。请按照同样的反复,每次学习30分钟吧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXVSsf7wDN37P91JfWo9uCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.美式发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEyPamcvvVZqGAqoRoYgCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当字母R出现在最后一个字母位置的时候,要发卷舌音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx2CWfpVikAHBBqUvcFkrYM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当字母R的后面紧跟一个辅音字母的时候,这里的R要发音/r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbx7h6y4AyScuOvfmYVCwwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美式发音中的第二个特征,是关于美式浊化音。比如letter这个单词,其中的字母t就需要百分之五十浊化成发音/d/,有点类似ladder了。.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIlr6VccCrAYZDvKKmjr6wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNn5aRsPSY0uClTNB0zjMjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"扇贝口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1xQDPd73gaCqWyXvrmrAXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一款旨在让用户“听得懂、说得出”的英语口语学习app,适合所有阶段人群,扇贝口语的课程系统完善,而且形式比较丰富,包括角色扮演,发音打分和故事模式,通过跟读以及听音复述和智能打分的形式,帮助培养开口习惯,纠正发音错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1vvkLtwpDzIFC4yV706Cfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":680,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6dce05c82bf4dd6b121e78ba47fd80a","width":1022},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOPKf8UJLtgeRfIAXrDLF7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"流利说英语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrfswMxU8HpX3xfjfcmtkAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一款智能口语打分软件,内置各种以场景为主题的课程,你可以跟读模仿,然后系统会根据你的发音情况进行打分,他的练习材料非常丰富,从教材到职场,从生活到影视剧,而且都有难度划分,逐渐升级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsHMd5SyxNVjHdPYDl9Jsmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":461,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2043c818292c4f86b5a58216126c49a9","width":694},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiK9GeJjwjvWS8FLcwOJua"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语后期学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhmUCRSpuEGPbSm3kfTZrNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCHSR2t6m306E2wX8Zw26Eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期就要把你珍藏的真题拿出来了,从头到尾掐准时间(可以在开始的时候把时间写在卷题上,结束对照一下时间),作文可以先不写(前5套真题左右,把作文专项练习一下),一套真题两三天左右吃透,半个月时间把作文好好练习一下(文末附有大小作文模板以及视频),做完对照答案,(如何分析和做阅读,前面的文章已经讲过了)分数依然不重要,重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方,单词、语法、阅读速度还是注意力的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98ChRZY7cmLmdgPed0hv3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3551ef9f3c724f4991e531507c6605dd","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnX6Cvuhb5Vwd8SFv6qa3U9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBzS2BYNc6jNdNFMpHBDqQm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词不用说,该背还要背,这个时间可以有侧重点的背,同时还需要把重点放在真题中单词上来,一定要注意熟词僻义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8xAWJv4iv65s79M9Ow50c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07afafd991d44a1085aff17a8ff11ad3","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoBqoRdtTyyodHXEWeYTSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimOTAvabfb8dXPzyQ4AAcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仔细思考做题过程中的这个题做错了,为什么做错,我当初怎么想的,答案又是怎么说的,有没有了解出题人的意图,带着这些问题,把错的选项分析一遍,做个小结,在题旁边标注,属于哪种错误,是粗心大意还是单词或者翻译错误等;其次是单词,这个单词我背过吗,是生词还是背过忘了,然后查出这个单词,记在自己的单词本或者在单词出处记下来,第二天背下来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhUSj3jzBNrgZQJMOD8XFTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54b405eb55d04519b7181899e35529ee","width":696},"text":"","id":"doxcnFvq6HeNlKFyAqAEkQkbX3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLzO97jEckwVUFvKIivhpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"怎么构思,如果这次试卷就是考试,我该从哪下手,我是不是又用了,老掉牙的词,背的好词好句有没有用上等;最后就是总结,把阅读、单词、作文遇到的问题做个总结,做个规划去处理,然后第二天去复习,直到这张试卷你认为没有什么价值了,那么你复盘总结就是成功的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNNUhjM8lgrGQEXuuMqRUEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed636c887c314c3e9d0f3880020bb113","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcncDWKFnzQEF5EJ3EQW6a7cg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWNLRiDucBDag6O7zsyuNj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后说一下完成这个阶段所需的时间,我建议用两个月去完成是比较合适的。不要拖太长时间,不要在学习的舒适区呆太久。我们是需要感觉到自己在进步,需要有很多正反馈才能继续坚持学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7UKfpZFcM1TGk9kUVSUjf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E6. 2008r2密钥?
win2008r2密钥序列号如下::
Server Standard 标准版安装密钥: YC6KT-GKW9T-YTKYR-T4X34-R7VHC 33PXH-7Y6KF-2VJC9-XBBR8-HVTHH
7XMDV-M9VKV-RGT3C-4DYTM-PHPDJ 2KV2B-JDHHH-JQ3VW-FVGMG-KGYJK
FKJQ8-TMCVP-FRMR7-4WR42-3JCD7 6TPJF-RBVHG-WBW2R-86QPH-6RTM4 VTC42-BM838-43QHV-84HX6-XJXKV
39BXF-X8Q23-P2WWT-38T2F-G3FPG JD8Y6-HQG69-P9H84-XDTPG-34MBB
GCRJD-8NW9H-F2CDX-CCM8D-9D6T9
Server Datacenter Core 数据中心核心版安装密钥:
489J6-VHDMP-X63PK-3K798-CPX3Y MDB49-7MYGW-6PM67-PGJMK-Q7V3V
FJ9J2-WB8RJ-YFFKR-QPHBB-76WDY
MRPKT-YTG23-K7D7T-X2JMM-QY7MG
74YFP-3QFB3-KQT8W-PMXWJ-7M648
YFKBB-PQJJV-G996G-VWGXY-2V3X8
7M67G-PC374-GR742-YH8V4-TCBY3
TM24T-X9RMF-VWXK6-X8JC9-BFGM2
2T88R-MBH2C-M7V97-9HVDW-VXTGF
HMCNV-VVBFX-7HMBH-CTY9B-B4FXY
Server Web版安装密钥:
YDRBP-3D83W-TY26F-D46B2-XCKRJ
C29WB-22CC8-VJ326-GHFJW-H9DH4
BX4WB-3WTB8-HCRC9-BFFG3-FW26F
P63JV-9RWW2-DJW7V-RHTMT-W8KWJ
489J6-VHDMP-X63PK-3K798-CPX3Y
HMBQG-8H2RH-C77VX-27R82-VMQBT
22XQ2-VRXRG-P8D42-K34TD-G3QQC
W7VD6-7JFBR-RX26B-YKQ3Y-6FFFJ
MHF9N-XY6XB-WVXMC-BTDCT-MKKG7
TFGPQ-J9267-T3R9G-99P7B-HXG47
Server Datacenter数据中心版安装密钥:
YQGMW-MPWTJ-34KDK-48M3W-X4Q6V
GT63C-RJFQ3-4GMB6-BRFB9-CB83V GPQHT-YYMR7-B2FD8-XVQY7-B7YRQ
FJ82H-XT6CR-J8D7P-XQJJ2-GPDD4 GT63C-RJFQ3-4GMB6-BRFB9-CB83V
VKK3X-68KWM-X2YGT-QR4M6-4BWMV
4DWFP-JF3DJ-B7DTH-78FJB-PDRHK
WYR28-R7TFJ-3X2YQ-YCY4H-M249D
GQJJW-4RPC9-VGW22-6VTKV-7MCC6
TT4HM-HN7YT-62K67-RGRQJ-JFFXW
7. 两个规范要求是否一致?
TT系统接地,两个规范要求是否一致?
答:电力系统中的TT系统接地的两个规范要求是一样的。而供配电系统设计规范老国标GB5002-95是2009年十一月十一日废止的,同时执行的新国标GB50052-2009,仅仅只是在原有基础上,根据有关国际标准和国外先进标准增加了一下内容。
所以说TT系统的本来面目仍然还是原来的大部分标准。
电力系统有一点直接接地,电气装置的外露可导电部分通过保护线接至与电力系统接地点无关的接地极。且都是利用大地始终为零电位,无论多大的电流,大地都可以吸收它。
⚡TT系统的接地方式如下图所示。
电力变压器的低压绕组的输出侧都是星形接法Y,在它们的中性点引出一根零线叫工作接地,用字母N表示。
电力系统中性点直接接地,用电设备的外露可导电部分采用各自的PE线接地。该系统多用于低压公共电网及农村集体小负荷电网等,由于各自的保护接地线的PE互不相关,因此电磁适应性较好。
在这种系统中,故障电流取决于电力系统的接地电阻和PE线的电阻,由于分流作用,使得通过人体的电流仅为故障电流的一部分,从而可以减轻电击的危险程度。如果接地电阻很小,使得流过人体的电流降至安全电流以下,对人体就是安全的。但是,故障电流往往很小,不足以使具有一定容量的电气设备的保护开关动作,因此故障电流将一直存在下去,无疑将危及人身安全。为了保护人身安全,必须采用剩余电流开关作为线路和用电设备的保护装置,否则它只适合于小负荷的系统。
TT系统的工作零线N接地,简单理解为它减轻了电网中的一相接地的危险性。由于接地电流不大,线路上的保护装置也是不动作,电气设备仍然能运行,故障可能长时间存在。如果有人触电,电流将通过人体经设备回到零线,人体承受的电压几乎为相电压,是非常危险。发生上述故障时,在电网中所有接零的电气设备都处于危险状态。同时在没有碰地的两相,对地电压也随之升高,大大增加了触电的危险性。
如果在变压器中性点增设了工作接地,上述的危险则可以减轻或者说基本消失。此时它的接地电流主要是通过碰触地处接地电阻Rb和工作接地电阻的R₀形成回路,若有人触及接零设备,其人体承受的电压R₀的电压降。
以上为个人观点,大部分都是按照GB标准规定来说的,要细谈电力系统的各种供电方式得大篇幅的写,没有必要纠结或者大费周折,工程师们和有经验积累老电工师傅们都清楚知道它。
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1. rb88,请问想投稿写的小说?
我是一棹春风一叶舟,我给你推荐下面的文学作品投稿邮箱,希望能帮助到你
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)《金三角诗刊》jsj_sk@sina.cn《荆州晚报》副刊柳柳jzwblhx@qq.com《经典美文》wy_jdmeiwenyc@163.com《静海作家》jhzx2010@126.com《九头鸟》xngbzs@163.com《九州诗文》jzsw4072504@sina.com《局信息中心》myfirebird@sina.com《靠近诗刊》yelai888@163.com《蓝布衣诗刊》lanbuyi@sina.cn《蓝鲨诗刊》lssk2006@126.com《廊坊文学》lfwx5841@163.com《郎川文艺》诗歌投稿zt9944@yahoo.com.cn《乐游原诗刊》poem029@tom.com《雷公山诗刊》zg_lgssk@126.com《梁祝杯大赛》sl88@xgfhx.com《凌云诗刊》zgsxk@163.com《凌云诗刊》baipin5858@126.com《庐山诗刊》jjwybs@sina.com《旅馆诗刊》zsg2007950@sina.com《绿港文学》wkclsl@sohu.com《绿荫诗报》lvyinshibao@163.com《粤东文萃》luoshaojie77@163.com《蓼城诗刊》beareyes_0577@163.com《民族文学》mzwx2010@163.com《末代诗人》gumusanlang@163.com《南安文学》nawx2006@163.com《南方文学》a650322@vip.qq.com《南方作家》nanfangzuojia2008@163.com《南方作家》诗歌专投邮箱nfzjsgtg@163.com《南楼丹霞民刊》nanloudanxia@163.com《南麂诗刊》(海洋有关诗歌)njsk2010@sina.com《欧洲梅园文学》xueniwriting@yahoo.com.cn《洈水文学》yuannu12345@163.com《蒲江文学》pujiangwenxue@126.com《千里之外网络诗选》719240158@qq.com《黔风》yyang18@126.com《潜江文艺》qjwy999@163.com《羌族文学社》rrmea@126.com《青春,送你一首诗》niuyihe007@163.com《青年文学家》52hong999@163.com( 8 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9 )《地下》诗刊dixia1980@126.com《西部诗刊》xibushikan@sina.cn《现代诗人诗选》xiaoqu-413@163.com《香稻诗报》pijiangn@yahoo.com.cn《襄樊日报》文学副刊zhaoyh56@sina.com《新都市文学》hesiming1973@163.com《新文学》xinwenxuetougao@163.com《延河文学》yanhewenxue@126.com《延伸诗刊》yanshenshikan@163.com《燕都文艺》cystzjxh@sina.com《扬子江诗刊》zrcai@sina.com《艺海》txbh@artseabooks.com《银生文化》ynjdyk@126.com《永善文学》yswx2007@163.com《有巢》youchaoshikan@163.com《湖北诗词》laozhang_009@163.com《掌门诗刊》chairmanpoetics@pchome.com.tw《赵南华文文学》vhhvvietnam@yahoo.com.vn《中国70后诗歌编年史》nxxr@sina.com《中国绿色锌都》杂志lpxwl@yahoo.cn《中国民刊主编诗歌联展》征稿donganbingyu@foxmail.com《中国牛诗榜》陈傻子wxchshz@163.com《中国诗歌史编》1542546228@qq.com《中国诗歌在线》赵福治zgsg123@126.com《中国诗人》魏光华wghcn@163.com《中国水草诗报》shcshsh@126.com《中国文学》新世纪十年精品选编jinghuazuojia@126.com《中国先锋诗人作品选萃》zgxfsr@163.com《中国小诗》chwsw@sina.com《中国作家》zgzj@zgzjzzs.com《中华文学》zhonghuawenxue@163.com《中原诗刊》(网刊)zyskbjb@163.com《重庆文学》cqwx001@163.com《众生诗刊》zhongshengshikan@163.com《舟山日报》ztk03@zsnews.com《自便诗选》李侃likan6688@163.com《走廊诗地》zoulangshidi@126.com《作家》bjbtougao@163.com《芙蓉锦江》王国平wppp76@163.com( 10 )《泸州文艺》lzwy.bjb@163.com《綦江文艺》qjwy2010@126.com《鳄城文学》xctianbin@163.com《魅力大理》征稿1wxtd618@163.com《風笛詩社》wvinh503@hotmail.com《甘肃文艺》邮箱:gswl_gswy@163.comgswy@hotmail.com《焉支山》杂志电子邮箱:guoyong509@163.com。或liangjilin90@hotmail.com《潜夫山》邮箱:ypz_778@163.com《祁山》文学邮箱:lxwlsl@163.comchenyue_@126.com《开拓文学》季刊邮箱:ktwx1682222@sina.comQ Q:497872105《西王母文艺》邮箱:jcfxm@163.comjlwdpw@163.com主办:甘肃省白银市文联《河洲》文学邮箱:GSL_XZHWL2008@163.CO《腊子口》文学半年刊投稿邮箱:dblzk_ok@126.com主办:景德镇市文学艺术联合会《冠山》杂志fengyaxun@163.com《茉莉花》杂志编辑部投稿电子邮箱:hxmlh666@163.com《桃花源》 邮 箱:thytougao@sina.com《张家界》杂志编辑部社址:湖南省张家界市委机关大院电子信箱:zjjzazhi@163.com《万盛文艺》电话:(023)4826062 邮箱:cqwslzn@hotmail.com《绵竹文学》高洪珠主编ghzatmz1963@163.com《天岳》hbtczx@163.comwanhaixiong@163.com《顺义文艺》sywybjb@163.com《莫愁湖》信箱:zxzjx188@sina.com《丽江》编辑部,邮箱lijiangzazhi@126.com《东莞文艺》吴亮邮箱:wuliang74@163.com《阳江文艺》小说yjwlyjwy@163.comyjwlyjwy@163.com《鹿鸣》中短篇小说小小说诗歌散文nmmdg@163.com《长安文学》cawx2006@126.com《长江文艺》杂志。cjwy1949@sohu.com《贵港日报》小小说散文诗歌周小虎ningbo197899999@163.com《海中洲》投稿邮箱:zsletters@yahoo.cn《中国文学》(香港):jrbj88@163.com《登封文学》dengfengwenxue@163.com《北部湾》qzwy0777@126.com《东京文学》djwx2008@sina.com《佛山文艺》百味sh@dadao.netlh@dadao.net《泰山》邮箱公共wltaishan@126.com私人tsrww@163.com《东方剑》dfjbjb@sohu.com《广西文学》小小说微篇妙品栏目alu2005@163.comgxwx007@163.com《文学界》邮箱:wenxuejie@126.com( 11 )《山西文学》sxwx2002@163.com《厦门文学》kbfkb@126.com《梅州作家》编辑部mzzj666@163.com《安徽文学》(投稿《安徽文学》)lunwen5288@163.com《作家报》zjb1966@126.com《意林》原创yilinyc@vip.163.com《荆江文苑》散文随笔小小说wurong66@yahoo.com.cn《湘南文学》zhuwenke714@sina.com《北方文学原创版》bjwxjcyd@vip.sina.com《当代文苑》dangdaiwenyuan@163.com《贺州文学》投稿箱hzwx66@163.com《昆仑文苑》bywl2008.3@163.com《陕北杂志》shanbei123@163.com《天涯》杂志社tyzzz@vip.sina.com《文苑》宋黛song_dai@126.com《山花》shanhuabjb@163.com《丹荔》征稿启事qgs666666@163.com《辽宁青年c版孙月邮箱:liaoningqingnian@126.com《西江月》jiaoren88@163.com《柞水文艺》zswytg@163.com《铁路文学》tlwx-73097@sina.com《佛子岭文艺》fozilingwenyi@163.com《莲花山》lhs668@126.com《钟山》zhongshanzazhi@vip.sina.com《时代文学》shidaiwenxue@126.comshidaiwenxue@sina.com(短、中篇)《上海文学》shanghaiwenxue@126.com(短、中篇)《小说月报》xiaoshuoyuebao@sohu.com(短、中篇)《浙江文化月刊》whyk@zjwh.gov.cn《三月》邮箱:sanyuewenxue@163.com(发千字小说、散文、评论)《瑞安日报》云江潮金晓峰sunwf130@sina.com《昭通日报》七彩枫叶 范云 星期二fanyun6191@126.com《民族日报》人生百味和文化生活mzrb@vip.163.com《常德日报》 江cdrbzbs@163.com《浙江工人报》总zjgr-tg@zjnews.com.cn《锦州晚报》人在职场崔航wanbaotougao@126.com《锦州日报》文艺副刊段志武 李一泓wentibu58@sina.com《百花园》杂志 秦俑:xxszjw@163.com《天池》杂志邮箱:ybtianchi@163.com《小说月刊》杂志(1)孙丹:dandan6336@126.com(2)何光占hefang2955@sina.com( 12 )《佛山文艺》杂志廖琪:lq@dadao.net《小小说月刊》杂志郭小霞:guoxiaoxia2006@126.com《翠苑》综合双月刊主办:江苏省常州市文学艺术界联合会常州日报社投稿邮箱:fgh88888@21cn.com《江河文学》综合双月刊主办:中国水利水电建设集团公司中国葛洲坝集团公司投稿邮箱:sxhf123@sohu.com《野草》综合双月刊主办:浙江省绍兴市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:yecaozazi@163.com《芙蓉》综合双月刊主办:湖南文艺出版社投稿邮箱:lotusmagazine@163.com《扬子江诗刊》诗歌双月刊主办:江苏省作家协会投稿邮箱:yzjsk2006@126.com《延安文学》综合双月刊主办:陕西省延安市文学艺术界联合会电子邮箱:yawx1979@vip.163.com《东京文学》综合月刊主办:河南省开封市文联投稿邮箱:djwxzz@sina.com《西藏文学》综合双月刊主办:西藏文联投稿邮箱:xzwx1234@126.com《辽河》综合双月刊主办:辽宁省营口市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:lyeu2006@126.com《岁月·燕赵诗刊》诗歌年刊主办:黑龙江省大庆市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:yanzhaoshikan@163.com《散文世界》散文双月刊主办:中华伏羲文化研究会文艺创作专业委员会投稿邮箱sanwenshijie2009@163.com《赤水魂》综合双月刊主办:云南省镇雄县文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:chishuihun@126.com《永善文学》综合双月刊主办:云南省永善县文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:yswx2007@163.com《阳光》综合月刊主办:中国煤矿文化艺术联合会投稿邮箱:ygmag@126.com《红豆》综合月刊主办:广西南宁市文联投稿邮箱:hddqxx@163.com《伊犁河》综合双月刊主办:新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:ylhzzs2009@163.com《山花》综合半月刊主办:贵州省文联投稿邮箱:gzshanhua2008@126.com《安徽文学》综合月刊主办:安徽省文联投稿邮箱:changpianxiaoshuo@vip.163.com《散文海外版》散文双月刊主办:百花文艺出版社投稿邮箱:swhwb@sina.com《厦门文学》综合月刊主办:福建省厦门文学院投稿邮箱:xmwenxue@126.com《青年文学》综合半月刊主办:中国青年出版总社投稿邮箱:qnwx1981@126.com《山西文学》综合月刊主办:山西省作家协会投稿邮箱:SXWX2002@163.com《上海文学》综合月刊主办:上海市作家协会投稿邮箱:shanghaiwenxue@126.com《四川文学》综合月刊主办:四川省作家协会投稿邮箱:scwx2@163.com《小说林》小说双月刊主办:黑龙江省哈尔滨文艺杂志社投稿邮箱:XiaoShuoLin0451@163.com《天池小小说》小说月刊主办:延边人民出版社投稿邮箱:ybtianchi@163.com《短小说》小说月刊主办:江苏省淮安市文联投稿邮箱:dxiaoshuo@yahoo.com.cn《短篇小说(原创作品版)》小说月刊主办:吉林省吉林市文联投稿邮箱:shortstory01@sina.com《散文百家》散文月刊主办:河北省作家协会投稿邮箱:swbjzzs@tom.com《诗潮》诗歌月刊主办:辽宁省沈阳市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:shichao2233@sina.com《民族文学》综合双月刊主办:中国作家出版集团投稿邮箱:mzwx@263.net.cn《脊梁》综合月刊主办:湖南省娄底市总工会投稿邮箱:zgldjl@163.com《西部散文家》散文季刊主办:中国西部散文学会投稿邮箱:xibusanwenjia@163.com《诗林》(深圳)诗歌双月刊主办:哈尔滨文艺杂志社投稿邮箱:shilin0755@163.com《诗林》诗歌双月刊主办:哈尔滨文艺杂志社投稿邮箱:Shilin0451@Sina.com《美文》散文半月刊主办:陕西省西安市文联西安建筑科技大学投稿邮箱:meiwen@meiwen.com《天涯》综合双月刊主办:海南省作家协会海南省农垦总公司投稿邮箱:tyzzz@vip.sina.com《骏马》综合双月刊主办:内蒙古呼伦贝尔市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:junmawenxue@163.com( 13 )《作家》综合月刊主办:吉林省作家协会投稿邮箱:ccwriter@263.net《啄木鸟》综合月刊主办:群众出版社投稿邮箱:zmnzz@163.com《诗刊》诗歌半月刊主办:中国作家出版集团投稿邮箱:shikan@vip.sina.com《长江文艺》综合月刊主办:湖北省作家协会投稿邮箱:cjwy1949@yahoo.com《北京文学》综合月刊主办:北京市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:bjwx1@263.net《绿城文学》综合双月刊主办:中国德艺双馨文艺家协会投稿邮箱:LCWXZZ@163.COM《广州文艺》综合月刊主办:广东省广州市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:gzwyzzs@163.com《东方剑》综合月刊主办:上海文艺出版社投稿邮箱:dfjbj@sohu.com《岁月》综合月刊主办:黑龙江省大庆市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:sywxyk@126.com《黄河文学》综合月刊主办:宁夏银川市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:hhwxxs@163.comhhwxsw@163.com《青年作家》 综合月刊主办:四川省成都市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:qnzj1@163.com《满族文学》综合双月刊主办:辽宁省作家协会丹东市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:mzwxxs@126.combr《剑南文学》 综合月刊主办:四川省绵阳市文联投稿邮箱:jnwx@163.com《六盘山》综合双月刊主办:宁夏固原市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:lps_xs@163.comlps_sw@163.com《雪莲》 综合双月刊主办:青海省西宁市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:wlxuelian@sina.com《海燕》综合月刊主办:辽宁省大连市文联投稿邮箱:DLHY2002@163.com《沙地》综合季刊主办:江苏省启东市作家协会投稿邮箱:Shadizazhi@163.com《麒麟》综合双月刊主办:广西来宾市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:lbwenlian@163.com《西湖》综合月刊主办:浙江省杭州市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:xihu472@yahoo.com.cn《延河》综合月刊主办:陕西省作家协会投稿邮箱:yanhewenxue@126.com《椰城》综合月刊主办:海南省海口市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:yecheng0604@126.com《金山》综合月刊主办:江苏省镇江市文联投稿邮箱:jszzs08@qq.com《北极光》综合双月刊主办:大兴安岭地区文联投稿邮箱:bjgxiaoshuo@163.combjgspb@163.com《鸭绿江》 综合月刊主办:辽宁省作家协会投稿邮箱:yljwxyk@126.com《彝良文学》综合双月刊主办:云南省彝良县文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:ylwenxue123@126.com《草原》综合月刊主办:内蒙古自治区文联投稿邮箱:caoyuan1950@126.com《飞天》综合半月刊主办:甘肃省文联投稿邮箱:ftwxx@163.comftwxs@163.com《草地》综合双月刊主办:四川省阿坝州文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:caodi0234585@yahoo.com.cn《江门文艺》综合半月刊主办:广东省江门市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:jmwy16888@126.com《昭通文学》综合双月刊主办:云南省昭通市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:ztwxbjb@163.com《长城》综合双月刊主办:河北省作家协会投稿邮箱:changcheng79@126.com《东风文艺》综合双月刊主办:东风汽车公司投稿邮箱:dfzazi@sina.com《文学界》综合月刊主办:湖南省作家协会投稿邮箱:yuanren106@126.com《福建文学》综合月刊主办:福建省文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:fjwxxs@163.comfjwxsw@163.com《芳草》 综合双月刊主办:湖北省武汉市文学艺术界联合会投稿邮箱:fc82627200@vip.163.com《百花洲》综合双月刊主办:百花洲文艺出版社投稿邮箱:bhz2010@126.com《文苑·经典美文》综合月刊主办:内蒙古新华报业中心投稿邮箱:wy_jdmeiwenyc@163.com《时代文学》综合月刊主办:山东省作家协会投稿邮箱:shidaiwenxue@sina.com(小说)shidaiwenxue@126.com(纪实文学、诗歌)《敦煌》诗歌半年刊主办:甘肃省兰州市敦煌诗歌研究会西北师范大学文史学院甘肃省社会科学院文化研究所投稿邮箱:dhsk2002@126.com《北方文学》[诗歌]bfwx@163.com( 14 )《雪花》[诗歌]jixixuehua@126.com《岁月》[诗歌]sywxyk@sohu.com《诗林》[诗歌]hrbshilin@163.com《辽宁青年》[诗歌]slymao@sina.com或sly@LNYouth.cn《辽河》[诗歌]tougao@liaohewenxue.com《芒种》[诗歌]mzwxyk@sohu.com《鸭绿江》[诗歌]yljwxyk@126.com《满族文学》 [诗歌]manzuwenxue@126.com《大连日报》[诗歌]shaoxungong@163.com《滇池》[诗歌]Dc5bjb6@public.km.yn.cn《时代文学》[诗歌]shidaiwenxue@126.com《新诗文》[诗歌]xsw2484@126.com《福建文学》swl@fjwl.com《安徽文学》ahwx@mail.hf.ah.cn《青春阅读》youthreading@Tom.com《江南》jiangnanzazhi@21cn.com《飞天》组诗ftwxyk@163.com《星星诗歌》xxxbyk@163.com《重庆日报》cqljc@cqrb.cn《攀枝花日报〉pzhrb@163.net诗歌随笔《散文诗世界》sanws@126.com《诗刊《sk1957@vip.163.com《青年文学》qnwx-wx@sohu.com或qnwx@sohu.com《中国铁路文艺》zgtlwy@21cn.net《中国文化报》zhangyu922@sohu.com《中国铁路文学》tlwx-7309@sina.com《芙蓉》yanjiawenl@sina.com《长江文艺》电子邮箱:cjwy1949@sohu.com《散文诗》湖南益阳市sws200412@yahoo.com《荆门日报》[诗歌]hxbhbnest@sina.com《民族诗刊》[诗歌]chinapoetry@msn.com或chinapoetry@sina.com《打工知音》[诗歌]dgdgdsr@sohu.com《黄河》[诗歌]hhzzs20032003@yahoo.com.c《青海湖》[诗歌]zhuln@slof.com《石岩文艺》[诗歌]shinewish2005@126.com《青春》[诗歌]youth-79@163.com《江门文艺·打工诗歌》[宋世安]jmwy-songsa@sohu.com《佛山文艺》[诗歌]sh@dadao.net《打工族诗歌》dxz@dadao.net《心灵知音》[罗德远]87655877@163.COM( 15 )《长安报诗歌》hntql@163.com《常青藤》[美国]ivypoetry@hotmail.com《梅园文学》[欧洲]xueniwriting@yahoo.com.cn《新城市》诗刊linxi209841@163.com《诗词报》[校园诗歌]sgbsnydtksg@163.com[社会诗歌]sgbsnydtkxd@163.com《深圳青年》yehai1023@163.com《上海文学》shwx001@sh163.com或shwx002@sh163.net《天涯》tyzzz@vip.sina.com或tyzzz@0898.net《滇池》[邹昆凌主持]Dc5bjb6@public.km.yn.cn《中国铁路文艺》ZGTLWY@21CN.NET《鸭绿江》[柳云主持]yljwxyk@126.com《边疆文学》kmbjwx@sina.com《广西文学》[诗歌主持冯艳冰]fyb168@21cn.com《芒种》[张启智王霆]mzwxyk@sohu.com或mzwxyk@163.com《朔方》[杨梓] shuofang.nx@eyou.com《长江文艺》[诗歌]cjwy1949@sohu.com《岁月》[诗歌]sywxyk@sohu.com《作品》[诗歌]gzzp2001@21cn.comgdzp2002@21cn.com《红岩》 [诗歌]hongyanzazhishe@sohu.com《延安文学》[诗歌]yawx1979@vip.163.com《雪莲》[诗歌]gq0227@mail.chia.com《山西文学》[诗歌]sxwx2002@163.com《黄河》[诗歌]hhzzs20032003@yahoo.com.cn《福建文学》[诗歌]swl@fjwl.net《东方文学》[诗歌]qj3166272@163.com《广州文艺》[诗歌]gzwyzzs@pub.guangzhou.gd.cn《延安文学》[诗歌]yawx1979@vip.163.com《西湖》xihu472@yahoo.com.cn《作家杂志》[诗歌]editor@writermagazine.com《江河文学》[诗歌]jhwx2005@yahoo.com.cn《北极光》[诗歌]bjg0457@yeah.net《诗潮》[刘川]shichao2233@sina.comr / 《诗选刊》[郁葱]shixuankan@sina.com《人民文学》[诗歌]renminwx@263.net《中学语文学习》zhaowp@1010.com或zhaowp@tom.com《时代作家》LT4600@sohu.com《作家林》tt999@vip.cnhubei.com《创作》杂志zql9801@vip.sina.om《广西文学·青春放歌》fyb168@21cn.com( 16 )《红岩》hongyanzazhishe@sohu.com《揭阳日报》jyrb002@jieyang.gd.cn《南方激情诗人报》aaaaama@sina.com《青春》杂志qingchun@arts.org.cn《人民文学·汉诗》renminwx@263.net《青青世界》aiaizhou2001@163.net《诗歌大典》shigedadian@sohu.com《诗歌月刊》tg@cn44.net《中国诗歌研究》[首都师范大学]tgzy@163.net《海鸥》[台湾余崇生主编]zhongwen@ms35.hinet.net《特区文学》tw1038@163.net《新诗界》xshjgm@sohu.com《中国文化报·离离芳草》小诗zhangyu922@sohu.com《中国作家散文》hbn@chinawriter.org《自由撰稿人》 [雷素芳]zyzgr888@sohu.com《写作·中学版》[田野]hzjyxx*@public.wh.hb.cn《新乡日报晨报》xxrbck3@vip.371.net《情诗季刊》qsjks@sohu.com《散文》sanwen@email.com.cn《文化月刊·诗词版》whyksc@sohu.com《中州诗词》zhsc2003@126.com《中华诗词报》zhscb777@163.com《深圳诗词》szsc@szu.edu.cn《陕西诗词界》shanxishicijie@163.com《长白山诗词》cbsss@sohu.com9《今日火炬》报 lixuheng999@163.com 《语文学习·语言丛谈》sephywxx@seph.com.cn《语文月刊》ywyk@scnu.edu.com《扬子江》[子川]Zrcai@sina.com《安徽文学》月刊392482696@qq.com《柏风》诗刊征稿邮箱guyijinzhi@163.com《百家湖》杂志baijialake@100lake.com《宝山》文学季刊lcq6262@163.com《杯水》诗刊柳苏is200710@163.com《北方周末报》拜雪zkqbx_008@163.com( 17 )《渠县文艺》散文、诗歌、小说投稿邮箱:APP188@163.COM《中联文学》散文、诗歌、小说投稿邮箱:zhonglianwenxue@163.com《中国报告文学》纪实投稿邮箱:zgbgwx2009@126.com《栖居》诗投稿邮箱:nanshanshishe1966@163.com《百家故事》故事投稿邮箱shitou545@126.com《诗江南》投稿邮箱:jnpoem@163.com《羊台山》小说投稿邮箱:xudong75@163.com《国际日报》散文、诗歌、小说投稿邮箱:weichr@yahoo.com
2. fifa足球世界埃德森和纳瓦斯?
FIFA21门将能力排行榜:
1、奥布拉克(马竞,91)
2、阿利松(利物浦,90)
2、特尔施特根(巴萨,90)
4、库尔图瓦(皇马,89)
4、诺伊尔(拜仁,89)
6、埃德森(曼城,88)
6、汉达诺维奇(国米,88)
8、纳瓦斯(巴黎,87)
8、洛里(热刺,87)
8、什琴斯尼(尤文,87)
11、德赫亚(曼联,86)
11、索默(门兴,86)
13、多纳鲁马(AC米兰,85)
13、莱诺(阿森纳,85)
13、古拉西奇(RB莱比锡,85)
16、布尔基(多特蒙德,84)
16、舒梅切尔(莱斯特城,84)
16、帕特里西奥(狼队,84)
16、奥纳纳(阿贾克斯,84)
16、西里古(都灵,84)
3. 监理员证怎么考?
监理员证由各地住房城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会颁发。证书注明专业,省内通用;中国建设教育协会培训颁发的全国监理工程师培训结业证是全国通用的监理上岗证,证书全国通用,不分专业。
考试基本信息
考试介绍
监理员证、专业监理工程师证、注册监理工程师证考试是由各地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构自行组织的,一般多是在当地的市级行政的监理协会申请办理。
监理员和监理工程师的职责和工作内容不一样,监理员是受监理工程师调度的。监理员证分三个等级,分别是监理员证、专业监理工程师证、注册监理工程师证。这些证有公司培训发放的,有建设部发的,有交通部门发放的。
获得监理员证书,永远不可以转为注册监理工程师。注册监理工程师是考得的,报考条件是获得中级职称后三年。监理工程师是职位也是考的资格证,注册监理师,就是说的注册监理I程师,注册过的监理工程师,是过了监理工程师考试,然后注册的。
报名网址
可以通过中国建设教育协会(官网:https://www.ccen.com.cn/)报名监理员考试,培训期满且考试合格颁发《住房和城乡建设领域专业技术管理人员职业培训合格证书》。
专业监理工程师和注册监理工程师皆需要考试才能取得相应证书。
报名条件
1、大学专科及以上学历,建筑、土木、工民建类相关专业。
2、1年以上工程监理工作经验,有助理工程师资格者优先。
3、精通工程监理,工程管理等相关专业知识,了解建筑法、合同法、招投标法等相关法律法规,了解工程概预算相关知识。
4、有较高的判断决策能力,能及时决断,灵活应变,能处理各种矛盾、纠纷,具备良好的协调能力和控制能力。
5、有很好的语言表达、交际沟通能力。
6、责任心强、能吃苦耐劳,能适应经常出差。
报考时间
各省市报名时间并不相同,可在当地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构查询。
考试时间
各省市考试时间并不相同,可在当地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构查询。
科目介绍
《建设工程合同管理》
《建设工程目标控制》
《建设工程监理基本理论与相关法规》
《建设工程监理案例分析》
监理员
大专(包含大专)以上学历+岗位证书(监理员证),其中分:土建、市政、安装、安全等专业。
监理员的工作包括但不限于:
1、在专业监理工程师的指导下开展现场监理工作;
2、检查承包单位投入工程项目的人力、材料、主要设备及其使用、运行状况,并做好检查记录;
3、复核或从施工现场直接获取工程计量的有关数据并签署原始凭证;
4、按设计图及有关标准,对承包单位的工过程或施工工序进行检查和记录,对加工制作及工序施工质量检查结果进行记录;
5、进行旁站监理工作,并做好记录,发现问题及时指出并向专业监理工程师报告;
6、做好监理日记,文件记录做到重点详细、及时完整。
题型和分值
《建设工程合同管理》:单选题:50道,1分/道;多选题:30道,2分/道。满分110分,66分及格。
《建设工程目标控制》:单选题:80道,1分/道;多选题:40道,2分/道。满分160分,96分及格。
《建设工程监理基本理论与相关法规》:单选题:50道,1分/道;多选题:30道,2分/道。满分110分,66分及格。
《建设工程监理案例分析》:案例题:6道,20分/道。满分120分,72分及格。
《建设工程合同管理》合格标准66分(满分110);
《建设工程目标控制》合格标准96分(满分160分);
《建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规》合格标准66分(满分110分);
《建设工程监理案例分析》合格标准72分(满分120分)。
证书领取
一、现场领取
1、个人领证:凭本人有效身份证原件或成绩单领取(成绩单在查询成绩时可以直接打印)。
2、他人(单位)代领:凭代领人及持证人有效身份证原件。(个别省禁止他人代领)
二、邮寄领取
根据各地区人事考试网发布的领证通知,按照相关规定申请证书邮寄,支付邮费后等待证书送上门即可。
监理工程师证书属于注册类证书,取得监理工程师证书的人员,需要注册后方能以监理工程师名义执业。
备考方法
备考考点
监理员证考点
《监理规范》
考点
1.监理规划编写依据
包括:工程建设法律法规和标准、建设工程外部环境调查研究资料、政府批准的工程建设文件、建设工程监理合同文件、建设工程合同、建设单位的合理要求、工程实施过程中输出的有关工程信息。
2.监理规划编写要求
包括:监理规划的基本构成内容应当力求统一;监理规划的内容应具有针对性、指导性和可操作性;监理规划应由总监理工程师组织编制;监理规划应把握工程项目运行脉搏;监理规划应有利于工程监理合同的履行;监理规划的表达方式应当标准化、格式化;监理规划的编制应充分考虑时效性;监理规划经审核批准后方可实施。
3.监理规划主要内容
《建设工程监理规范》GB/T 50319—2013明确规定,监理规划的内容包括:工程概况;监理工作的范围、内容、目标;监理工作依据;监理组织形式、人员配备及进退场计划、监理人员岗位职责;监理工作制度;工程质量控制;工程造价控制;工程进度控制;安全生产管理的监理工作;合同与信息管理;组织协调;监理工作设施。
4.监理规划报审
依据《建设工程监理规范》GB/T 50319—2013,监理规划应在签订建设工程监理合同及收到工程设计文件后编制,在召开第一次工地会议前报送建设单位。
监理规划在编写完成后需要进行审核并经批准。监理单位技术管理部门是内部审核单位,其技术负责人应当签认。监理规划审核的内容主要包括以下几个方面:
(1)监理范围、工作内容及监理目标的审核;
(2)项目监理机构的审核。包括:组织机构、人员配备;
(3)工作计划的审核;
(4)工程质量、造价、进度控制方法的审核;
(5)安全生产管理监理工作内容的审核;
(6)监理工作制度的审核。
专业监理工程师证考点
《监理概论》
监理实施程序及原则
监理合同签订以后,监理企业应按如下监理程序实施建设工程监理:
1、确定项目总监理工程师,成立项目监理机构。
2、编制建设工程监理规划施工阶段的监理规划。
应在签订委托监理合同及收到设计文件后开始编制,完成后必须经监理单位技术负责人审核批准,并应在召开第一次工地会议前报送建设单位。
3、制定各专业监理实施细则
包括下列主要内容:
专业工程的特点、监理工作的流程、监理工作的控制要点及目标值、监理工作的方法及措施。
4、规范化地开展监理工作
监理工作的规范化体现在:工作的时序性、职责分工的严密性、工作目标的确定性。
5、参与验收,签署建设工程监理意见
(6)向业主提交建设工程监理档案资料
监理单位一般应提交:设计变更、工程变更资料,监理指令性文件,各种签证资料等档案资料。
(7)监理工作总结
其一,是向业主提交的监理工作总结
其二,是向监理单位提交的监理工作总结
二、项目监理机构的建立步骤、组织形式及监理人员职责分工
建立步骤(4步)
(1)确定项目监理机构目标
(2)确定监理工作内容
(3)项目监理机构的组织结构设计
(4)选择组织结构形式
合理确定管理层次与管理跨度
项目监理机构中一般应有三个层次:决策层、中间控制层(协调层和执行层)、作业层(操作层)
项目监理机构部门划分
制定岗位职责及考核标准
选派监理人员
制定工作流程和信息流程
注册监理工程师证考点
【考点1】监理业务是指施工阶段的服务。而除了施工阶段以外,其他阶段监理的服务,统统归为相关服务。《法规》专业选择题考点。
实施建设工程监理前,建设单位必须委托具有相应资质的工程监理单位,并以书面形式与工程监理单位订立建设工程监理合同,合同中应包括监理工作的范围、内容、服务期限和酬金,以及双方的义务、违约责任等相关条款。
在订立建设工程监理合同时,建设单位将勘察、设计、保修阶段等相关服务一并委托的,应在合同中明确相关服务的工作范围、内容、服务期限和酬金等相关条款。
【考点2】监理合同中,应明确哪些内容?
工程开工前,建设单位应将工程监理单位的名称,监理的范围、内容和权限及总监理工程师的姓名书面通知施工单位。
《实务》科目中,往往将干扰项写成“监理单位将监理单位名称、监理范围....等内容通知施工单位”。注意通知的主体,是建设单位。
《实务》科目中,解答题问:工程开工前,建设单位将工程监理单位的名称、总监姓名书面通知了施工单位。请问还有哪些信息需要通知?
【注意】是书面不是口头。考试中一般口头都是错的。
在建设工程监理工作范围内,建设单位与施工单位之间涉及施工合同的联系活动,应通过工程监理单位进行。
《实务》中,经常写成“施工单位将索赔意向报告提交建设单位”、“施工单位发现图纸错误,遂汇报给建设单位,让建设单位找设计改图”等等。这些步骤统统是错误的,因为跳过了监理。应先汇报监理,然后监理再汇报建设单位。
实施建设工程监理应遵循以下主要依据:
1、法律法规及工程建设标准;
2、建设工程勘察设计文件;
3、建设工程监理合同及其他合同文件。
监理遵循的依据,《实务》解答题常考默写。《法规》选择题多选也可以。
建设工程监理应实行总监理工程师负责制。
法规考试选择题:建设工程监理实施____负责制?
工程监理单位应公平、独立、诚信、科学地开展建设工程监理与相关服务活动。
监理单位是:公平、独立、诚信、科学。监理从业人员是:公平、独立、服务、科学。
每天要学习多少时间,每周学习多长时间,看完哪些章节,要有个可执行的计划时间,并随时总结自己计划完成情况。
科学的备考方法
快速听完一遍精讲课程,第一遍可以不求甚解,不懂的不要纠结说不定听后面的课自然就理解了,不要妄想全部记住,重要的是在于知道覆盖哪些知识点,建立知识体系。第二遍不懂的知识点要标注出来,回过头来要把不懂知识点各个击破。
1、备考资料:公众号下载视频资料,通过视频资料了解监理考试流程,进几年的题型分布,不需要专门刷精讲视频,也无需单独刷任何老师的视频。
2、阶段一:利用APP刷管理、三控和法规两套真题,目的是针对性的刷一下视频资料。
3、阶段二:管理、三控和法规五年真题刷5遍,频繁出错的进行收藏,5年真题保证得分率95以上,考点掌握率在85以上。
要抓重点进行强化练习,跟着视频学习强化记忆,抓重点各个击破。
真题一定要仔细做完,不懂得要反复听讲解并回顾相应知识点。考前模拟题押题要掐着时间做,确保能全部答完。
如何避免考场失分
不要在试卷上乱写乱画,要在演算纸上进行这一项,这种情况不但不会给自己加分,反而容易失分。这种做法或许你是无心的,可是考试有考试的规矩,会被作为标记进行处理,扣分是小事,判为零分就是大事了。
作答时,字体一定要工整,这样说不定老师会给分数,对于字体不好看的虽然不扣分数,不但影响美观,更影响了老师对你试卷的兴趣,都不想往下看你以后的内容,这样还怎么得高分数,直接影响了你这张试卷的分数,导致不能够通过考试。监理工程师考试主观题在作答时最好要用上教材的专用术语,不要用自己的大白话来回答,没有专业性,得分就不高。
在作答监理工程师试卷时,注意运用一些逻辑,在答题之前回答上是根据哪个文件或者哪个条文进行展开分析,更加有理有据,这样作答更加专业,老师对你的试卷印象也会更加深刻,再者答题时一定要看清题目及题意,切记盲目作答。
公共科目比较简单,基本都是记忆的东西,而决定你成败的是专业课,相对较难,需要计算并理解的比较多,需要重点复习。
在不确定答案的时候先做好标记不要作答,这样就不会随意更改,弄得试卷上乱七八糟,让老师看了头疼。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员证由各地住房城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会颁发。证书注明专业,省内通用;中国建设教育协会培训颁发的全国监理工程师培训结业证是全国通用的监理上岗证,证书全国通用,不分专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSuoUU88eic6oUThDijmVWQ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试基本信息","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKuy22aW4wmQY16OKoSNSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyyAEQcWyUGoqeMUkHND0jh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员证、专业监理工程师证、注册监理工程师证考试","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是由各地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构自行组织的,一般多是在当地的市级行政的监理协会申请办理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCyoU0SUKy48QFJ196pK1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员和监理工程师的职责和工作内容不一样,监理员是受监理工程师调度的。监理员证分三个等级,分别是监理员证、专业监理工程师证、注册监理工程师证。这些证有公司培训发放的,有建设部发的,有交通部门发放的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWk4CQ0qA2W8gcdw8ZQXC3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"获得监理员证书,永远不可以转为注册监理工程师。注册监理工程师是考得的,报考条件是获得中级职称后三年。监理工程师是职位也是考的资格证,注册监理师,就是说的注册监理I程师,注册过的监理工程师,是过了监理工程师考试,然后注册的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCagQGOmE80eC4e1DF7U0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiEgayIsCcmcZrSWC8KSiC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSU0gqGmQW8I04CGhTuR4Te"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报名网址","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyqsmQUg4uqkqCMkvmOCZUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以通过中国建设教育协会(官网:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.ccen.com.cn/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.ccen.com.cn/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")报名监理员考试,培训期满且考试合格颁发《住房和城乡建设领域专业技术管理人员职业培训合格证书》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk26kEYKOuo6IO3WpzMBMB1"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报名网址","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c22b8f4183434550b24fc886330cb9b9","width":1746},"text":"","id":"doxcnyyOScsEeWMa0cfNhqSHInc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业监理工程师和注册监理工程师皆需要考试才能取得相应证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQkaosmYeuWQKWj7azR8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报名条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkI6GYMEekiYqYvshVYgZOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"大学专科及以上学历,建筑、土木、工民建类相关专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngKAcAEcSwqm0kNPwHz425f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、1年以上工程监理工作经验,有助理工程师资格者优先。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksU6YqGsywQMIP2tMASIWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、精通工程监理,工程管理等相关专业知识,了解建筑法、合同法、招投标法等相关法律法规,了解工程概预算相关知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyymEEmUUs6Ika0Ixof8S7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、有较高的判断决策能力,能及时决断,灵活应变,能处理各种矛盾、纠纷,具备良好的协调能力和控制能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwcSuggS4w4qULhFaYiajc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、有很好的语言表达、交际沟通能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuiaQI8W2IAc0agp4Bw81Rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、责任心强、能吃苦耐劳,能适应经常出差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00aiwSYOiii06Z2MMinoxb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni8S40OqSS6MawbLRvJyjTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各省市报名时间并不相同,可在当地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构查询","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQega4osq68StOnoB8NRGM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCg04E2ucWmMeotiRJfNVTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各省市考试时间并不相同,可在当地住房和城乡建设厅(委)或者中国建设教育协会授权机构查询。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkuoqAiOAUMo6yzYYlwsJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwyOs8WQmoGyovCtxHzYCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程合同管理》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCSmeuqkCKo0is7ccmifDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程目标控制》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMyMAme4k0GWK810oHAqlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理基本理论与相关法规》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncEUqMiWEGg2qk7h5KDDKZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理案例分析》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAGi6YeQuicC66xxD8Y0sId"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0IKCAciUy2qYtRSjf25fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大专(包含大专)以上学历+岗位证书(监理员证),其中分:土建、市政、安装、安全等专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgUSiG4660q28egivHrXJ1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员的工作包括但不限于:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Yoea8S8YseocPmHTECp6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在专业监理工程师的指导下开展现场监理工作;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8U0gieKMGK8Q0GBsOrcSZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、检查承包单位投入工程项目的人力、材料、主要设备及其使用、运行状况,并做好检查记录;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66yYe0GMISUeoDcLfKcxbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、复核或从施工现场直接获取工程计量的有关数据并签署原始凭证;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM8ayguOcKS2Esjwp9cfUDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、按设计图及有关标准,对承包单位的工过程或施工工序进行检查和记录,对加工制作及工序施工质量检查结果进行记录;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2gwe6WY8ksIuqY77nKNaKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、进行旁站监理工作,并做好记录,发现问题及时指出并向专业监理工程师报告;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEKgMCM8c4Og46JN2oDfx6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、做好监理日记,文件记录做到重点详细、及时完整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKMaaYCCcYO8gA958uKd6TT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"题型和分值","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0ceSqQ6wiyAugvG1S0myc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程合同管理》:单选题:50道,1分/道;多选题:30道,2分/道。满分110分,66分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIIOY0UayygGWGgTsSD7lbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程目标控制》:单选题:80道,1分/道;多选题:40道,2分/道。满分160分,96分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAsIsSi2Oio8mqgHf8Zo4Mg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理基本理论与相关法规》:单选题:50道,1分/道;多选题:30道,2分/道。满分110分,66分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6YWuQ2Em6guM41GaqSTWS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理案例分析》:案例题:6道,20分/道。满分120分,72分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ0qQeuQGiImI6DIPbVEAke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程合同管理》合格标准66分(满分110);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOMGyOuksKq8wBsVJkeHOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程目标控制》合格标准96分(满分160分);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgCssyKmC2WamE8sZVAxAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规》合格标准66分(满分110分);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnek2iUSU6AuKWstpKdTNcwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理案例分析》合格标准72分(满分120分)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqQegQE2GKa2Cae2a25bOc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE04gGGgy0OeQ6PrH3P6njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、现场领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmiYuQywMO6iOIpXfREPK7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、个人领证:凭本人有效身份证原件或成绩单领取(成绩单在查询成绩时可以直接打印)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn686Eku8Y4WycCsMsswtVNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、他人(单位)代领:凭代领人及持证人有效身份证原件。(个别省禁止他人代领)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8G86MqkK2kOAk9PBFZGmyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、邮寄领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncSkkMsWAEy0WyqKAWxu3ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据各地区人事考试网发布的领证通知,按照相关规定申请证书邮寄,支付邮费后等待证书送上门即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkyUQc8IIwCYOmWNZoq4gIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理工程师证书属于注册类证书,取得监理工程师证书的人员,需要注册后方能以监理工程师名义执业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2KUMIGEaE8oSeNAhgtHbh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8kyiwmeuQu8yQ5PcRvYvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6ceKCMgye4KaCu7KIKM0Gc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理员证考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYYImsO604AS8I1MSJcr71f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《监理规范》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSuwkYSaC0oiUSocCKmRHxQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80qqa2e4WmOEYrOuybCY5W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.监理规划编写依据","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOMgIsIIIeWgOAJac8T1fe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包括:工程建设法律法规和标准、建设工程外部环境调查研究资料、政府批准的工程建设文件、建设工程监理合同文件、建设工程合同、建设单位的合理要求、工程实施过程中输出的有关工程信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUguyeuuSCi0manMXky9Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.监理规划编写要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYy6qi0CqcuW2YTYLqK9w5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包括:监理规划的基本构成内容应当力求统一;监理规划的内容应具有针对性、指导性和可操作性;监理规划应由总监理工程师组织编制;监理规划应把握工程项目运行脉搏;监理规划应有利于工程监理合同的履行;监理规划的表达方式应当标准化、格式化;监理规划的编制应充分考虑时效性;监理规划经审核批准后方可实施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQkoaAioUOMWOEdGmDyVpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.监理规划主要内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOs2ioQuYwmYiqwt9oUWvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程监理规范》GB/T 50319—2013明确规定,监理规划的内容包括:工程概况;监理工作的范围、内容、目标;监理工作依据;监理组织形式、人员配备及进退场计划、监理人员岗位职责;监理工作制度;工程质量控制;工程造价控制;工程进度控制;安全生产管理的监理工作;合同与信息管理;组织协调;监理工作设施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG4CmQsyeM0miATWlgM4hYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.监理规划报审","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQoaOaM0wO2Ql5tEKe84sx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"依据《建设工程监理规范》GB/T 50319—2013,监理规划应在签订建设工程监理合同及收到工程设计文件后编制,在召开第一次工地会议前报送建设单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGS8y4sKkMco6ExAbJ0UNRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理规划在编写完成后需要进行审核并经批准。监理单位技术管理部门是内部审核单位,其技术负责人应当签认。监理规划审核的内容主要包括以下几个方面:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnymEAwgKUAacEU7Y6gTbF3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)监理范围、工作内容及监理目标的审核;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8GEMeA8MAyYAHq4MYaphc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)项目监理机构的审核。包括:组织机构、人员配备;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksIayyG2mQsCYB5mJB5ovb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)工作计划的审核;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngCEWaeuYqs8MoP5AME9Hig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)工程质量、造价、进度控制方法的审核;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWY4gKw2EeaOsaYHeLTUhTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)安全生产管理监理工作内容的审核;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00cYiASie2OSazySkHovkj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)监理工作制度的审核。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKyisk4eYUICkamUAFFXLwg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业监理工程师证考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnySQiO2ogKYM4CAoqWye76f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《监理概论》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4oOeaQUAKkkO4TawYGj0Hg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"监理实施程序及原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgU2w6oOkOu8uEEkuTXuyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理合同签订以后,监理企业应按如下监理程序实施建设工程监理:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmuQCkOmqmGKUOuyomebTwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"确定项目总监理工程师,成立项目监理机构。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamm4WQEQIkQqicRzgeLY3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、编制建设工程监理规划施工阶段的监理规划。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8UGOYeioCoKIlC1sDv3Eb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"应在签订委托监理合同及收到设计文件后开始编制,完成后必须经监理单位技术负责人审核批准,并应在召开第一次工地会议前报送建设单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqoKuCQwQi4CC46TTqUCaTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、制定各专业监理实施细则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2260kw46uEC2yW6hdHSULd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包括下列主要内容:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0OKq6SCSs8IoYlrUtkl1cg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业工程的特点、监理工作的流程、监理工作的控制要点及目标值、监理工作的方法及措施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnywIm820qMIgmMpeLtHA9Ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、规范化地开展监理工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06UKYak84k6Oao4abMT2Vz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理工作的规范化体现在:工作的时序性、职责分工的严密性、工作目标的确定性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQAOQ4YiCK8uInQmk3aaMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、参与验收,签署建设工程监理意见","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4em6s6gOOA8kZHRdDXrHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)向业主提交建设工程监理档案资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniScOKugqEEIowndSwnFPOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理单位一般应提交:设计变更、工程变更资料,监理指令性文件,各种签证资料等档案资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06QyGwyOs8ACoXRbYNolpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)监理工作总结 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU22OYoeUq8C2iO7ZtCvJYp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其一,是向业主提交的监理工作总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO86UUMaQcGuWuOnjpCacbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其二,是向监理单位提交的监理工作总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEOAyaWU42e4stQzBb1OZu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、项目监理机构的建立步骤、组织形式及监理人员职责分工","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkM84yOS6KGyGMBCES9HRLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建立步骤(4步) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAUSi8AikcqQUxeWGzkeTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)确定项目监理机构目标","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuMmCWOIK4qiU5piLaX6he"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)确定监理工作内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwgi6Oa8SoaAA3We2iTmMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)项目监理机构的组织结构设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48uU4SW0WEOkKgmC0w7H0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)选择组织结构形式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWasIo6YweMq6Ubaccgq1ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"合理确定管理层次与管理跨度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6ygsu4ee0i8wErjka9iGKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"项目监理机构中一般应有三个层次:决策层、中间控制层(协调层和执行层)、作业层(操作层)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24aQiyucO8CW4KWTFPIJTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"项目监理机构部门划分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uEIUKGkoeWGIDypuWzlMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制定岗位职责及考核标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cSIwIyk2mAkwZ6NUFEkeh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选派监理人员 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6YA4Eyy20yW0yZFyiTtqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制定工作流程和信息流程 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncemqkiOCkSwQGCM7hdyy1c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注册监理工程师证考点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuqUGOgm0oG6eSWn4YtdJJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【考点1】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"监理业务是指施工阶段的服务。而除了施工阶段以外,其他阶段监理的服务,统统归为相关服务。《法规》专业选择题考点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04cwSSKuC82WwREK46MZZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实施建设工程监理前,建设单位必须委托具有相应资质的工程监理单位,并以书面形式与工程监理单位订立建设工程监理合同,合同中应包括监理工作的范围、内容、服务期限和酬金,以及双方的义务、违约责任等相关条款。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniK80Syg8OkKkm8fAp5AFYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在订立建设工程监理合同时,建设单位将勘察、设计、保修阶段等相关服务一并委托的,应在合同中明确相关服务的工作范围、内容、服务期限和酬金等相关条款。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQs6mwoMkU4eI6fu0f8xXue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【考点2】监理合同中,应明确哪些内容?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng26cqg2SgSW8mLTdqsm4rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工程开工前,建设单位应将工程监理单位的名称,监理的范围、内容和权限及总监理工程师的姓名书面通知施工单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqWQ04EGYwyMQBc5Ul6F9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《实务》科目中,往往将干扰项写成“监理单位将监理单位名称、监理范围....等内容通知施工单位”。注意通知的主体,是建设单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKKQgcymayOUeIezjvpRJJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《实务》科目中,解答题问:工程开工前,建设单位将工程监理单位的名称、总监姓名书面通知了施工单位。请问还有哪些信息需要通知?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0qEsAUGE6QoKcglKkq7eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【注意】是书面不是口头。考试中一般口头都是错的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeQ2QOa0qqgeiDt1gSYOpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在建设工程监理工作范围内,建设单位与施工单位之间涉及施工合同的联系活动,应通过工程监理单位进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWs0camUgmkWo7unK1zkjsp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《实务》中,经常写成“施工单位将索赔意向报告提交建设单位”、“施工单位发现图纸错误,遂汇报给建设单位,让建设单位找设计改图”等等。这些步骤统统是错误的,因为跳过了监理。应先汇报监理,然后监理再汇报建设单位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUu6g68KWCcGsZR77Rwalc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实施建设工程监理应遵循以下主要依据:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWiasOIMSiwqyA9EKNzStd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、法律法规及工程建设标准;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYW26easYwqiYzKH8QNRkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、建设工程勘察设计文件;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GSGmuygECKSl47Qyyy4zi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、建设工程监理合同及其他合同文件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAME26AgqqIiQaqUio0AFhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理遵循的依据,《实务》解答题常考默写。《法规》选择题多选也可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKc8keEs4eaII6LMbvj164e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建设工程监理应实行总监理工程师负责制。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYIqgieUwOA4OkjWERlTUPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"法规考试选择题:建设工程监理实施____负责制?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCWyKC2aSkcySG6LJFAOFVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工程监理单位应公平、独立、诚信、科学地开展建设工程监理与相关服务活动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQo4cCYMcq64YdDmyDLnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"监理单位是:公平、独立、诚信、科学。监理从业人员是:公平、独立、服务、科学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2qwMUegKqOqusfcHclnAmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天要学习多少时间,每周学习多长时间,看完哪些章节,要有个可执行的计划时间,并随时总结自己计划完成情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoEyCIOCgeA6GeeFP4fGuPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科学的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcGwym0UKMM4Om2FRSQ4Ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速听完一遍精讲课程,第一遍可以不求甚解,不懂的不要纠结说不定听后面的课自然就理解了,不要妄想全部记住,重要的是在于知道覆盖哪些知识点,建立知识体系。第二遍不懂的知识点要标注出来,回过头来要把不懂知识点各个击破。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUOqmOey0siAOoG8C2uYAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、备考资料:公众号下载视频资料,通过视频资料了解监理考试流程,进几年的题型分布,不需要专门刷精讲视频,也无需单独刷任何老师的视频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqQI6ku2YAqmoN0H4KAaef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、阶段一:利用APP刷管理、三控和法规两套真题,目的是针对性的刷一下视频资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekU46mYccwyAgbXbzt6cHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、阶段二:管理、三控和法规五年真题刷5遍,频繁出错的进行收藏,5年真题保证得分率95以上,考点掌握率在85以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4m0MeOmuiOoCCJqLTB5Ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要抓重点进行强化练习,跟着视频学习强化记忆,抓重点各个击破。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqYESe6ukwgMHZoedywKk3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"真题一定要仔细做完,不懂得要反复听讲解并回顾相应知识点。考前模拟题押题要掐着时间做,确保能全部答完。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugwYamEiA2QEIJRt0q6iYb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何避免考场失分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqUYoEOsoK8oAY7R1NIAxjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不要在试卷上乱写乱画,要在演算纸上进行这一项,这种情况不但不会给自己加分,反而容易失分。这种做法或许你是无心的,可是考试有考试的规矩,会被作为标记进行处理,扣分是小事,判为零分就是大事了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw88qewsewUQkQBXT9Y4cDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作答时,字体一定要工整,这样说不定老师会给分数,对于字体不好看的虽然不扣分数,不但影响美观,更影响了老师对你试卷的兴趣,都不想往下看你以后的内容,这样还怎么得高分数,直接影响了你这张试卷的分数,导致不能够通过考试。监理工程师考试主观题在作答时最好要用上教材的专用术语,不要用自己的大白话来回答,没有专业性,得分就不高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWYcuKikeCEM83lBdZsXNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在作答监理工程师试卷时,注意运用一些逻辑,在答题之前回答上是根据哪个文件或者哪个条文进行展开分析,更加有理有据,这样作答更加专业,老师对你的试卷印象也会更加深刻,再者答题时一定要看清题目及题意,切记盲目作答。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqsYyiYoc28yyGS70xC1he"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共科目比较简单,基本都是记忆的东西,而决定你成败的是专业课,相对较难,需要计算并理解的比较多,需要重点复习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCK4Mu6AoYIoQAHU5tKSQUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在不确定答案的时候先做好标记不要作答,这样就不会随意更改,弄得试卷上乱七八糟,让老师看了头疼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIQumEeIIS2SSSWX0QSFmMh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E4. 谁能给个实况一球成名介绍及攻略详细?
之前写过一篇类似的文章。不过那时只打了两个赛季。很多地方都存在误区。上午开完会闲来无事重写一篇关于一球成名模式的详细攻略。如有不对地方欢迎指正。对此模式无爱者全当我灌水了。篇幅较长。希望大家耐心看完。
本人第一个赛季使用的难度为大师级,第二个赛季开始使用最高难度,相比较下最高难度队友的防守能力有所减弱,这可能是为了更突出玩家在球队中的作用。确实本作有很弊病,假射无敌、个别超人等,但怎么玩法是玩家自己选的,毕竟足球是11个人的运动,对于个别超人,梅西C罗这几个在玩家手里也许会成为超人,但在一球成模式中由AI控制并非不可阻挡,反而我感觉电脑AI在局部突破和控制型盘带上有很多可供玩家借鉴和学习的地方。
当你能合理的跑位,协调的控制比赛节奏,主导本队的进攻和防守时,哪怕一脚美妙的传球,也比那种使用超人疯狂过人得分要震撼的多的多。足球是否功利,是由球员来决定的,想把它还原真实,在一球成名模式中就可以实现,至少我这么认为。
一、自建球员
1、球员的身高、体重、体型、国籍对球员属性没有任何影响。有相机或者有PS3摄像头的朋友可以把自己的脸型做模。最好选白天光线好的时候。不然太暗导进去不太清楚。然后按自己身高、体型来做成球员。增强代入感。至于国籍。如果你想在国家赛事上有斩获。玩专家级以上难度的就别选中国队了。最多只能打打预选赛。国家队的表现很大程度上决定了世界足球先生的归属。不然打的再好也只能进入世界最佳阵容。
2、选择球员位置根据自己的喜好进行选择。但选定的位置只能说是你最擅长的位置。各俱乐部和国家队的教练还是会根据球队实际情况来给你安排位置。这点在你转会合同上会详细标明俱乐部需要你打的几个位置。各球队要求你打的位置各不相同。所以想练出多个位置的朋友在转会时可以根据合同上标明的位置来选择。
PS:虽然没有门将、后卫这些位置的选择。但并非不能练出这些位置。我同事玩的后腰在两个赛季后练出铲球和贴身逼抢特技后转会马赛打起来中后卫和边后卫的位置,这和防守意识属性、速度、平衡和弹跳头球属性可能有一定关系。当然。目前门将还是无法实现的。
3、不用怀疑,身高体壮的优势非常明显,特别在最高难度下前几个赛季能让你保证良好的成长曲线的也只有先天的身体素质。但尊重事实和对代入感口味偏纯的朋友请无视我这段话了。
二、天赋,决定命运
1、WE2008最关键的是球员的身体,身强体壮速度快的球员犹如噩梦般存在,身体弱的球员在一次身体接触后就优势全无。WE2009变为了敏捷,梅西、C罗这类敏捷高动作频率快的球员要明显优于托雷斯、兰帕德这类技术力量的结合体,这其中敏捷属性成了关键。
球员的位置会改变敏捷属性的随机范围,下面我把各位置球员敏捷的随机值一一列出供大家参考。
中锋 影锋 边锋 前腰 边前卫 后腰
敏捷 74~80 74~80 82~88 74~80 82~88 83~89
综合来说,自建球员的敏捷天赋底子还是非常不错的,也就是说有成为天才球员的天赋,其他白板?不要怕,咱有敏捷垫着。
2、最关键的部分---球探赛,也就是第一场比赛。之前在这方面我存在一个误区,也就是根据球探赛的评分在你所选定位置的球员属性间进行随机。事实上经过我多次开档后发现这是个错误。真正影响随机属性的并非球探赛的评分,而是你场上的表现,或者说,你球探赛的每一个细节。根据上面的敏捷随机值你会发现,球探赛后每种能力均有1~6点的上升和下降,比如短传失误多了,就有可能短传精度会下降!射门成功率高射门精度射门技巧就会上升!如果你想拥有一个任意球大师的天赋底子,就得抓住球探赛的任意球机会把球射在门框范围内。但记住,这些只是天赋的基础,你不可能在17岁时就随出80+的技术属性,那样游戏也就没有多大乐趣可言了。
初始较高的属性,大多是先天素质和身体素质,以下一一举例:
A。体 力----完全透支体力可以达到80以上,后腰体力下限最高,中锋体力下限最低
B。极限速度----比赛全程多用全速跑和RT+RB的大步趟球,可以达到80+,边路位置下限高,中路位置下限底。
C。启动速度----活用急停变向加速和侧身带球大幅度变向加速,这项能力想随到+6比较难,同样边路位置下限高(74左右,发挥完美可以到达80),中路位置下限低,70左右。
D。带球速度----基本和极限速度挂勾而不属于技术属性,同样边路位置下限高,中路位置下限底。
E。进攻欲望----和敏捷一样属无法成长属性,但对于玩家控制的球员来说这属性无关紧要,所以不做解释。只是是锋线位置此属性太底,有可能被教练放到中场打其他位置。
F。心理素质----目前该属性的具体作用还不能确定,可能和临场发挥有一定关系。各位置的下限均在
74~76之间,随的好能到80。
三、成长,由你做主
1、不要单纯把一球成名模式的球员成长和大师联赛的球员培养划上等号,两者完全不同。大师联赛的球员培养是根据比赛的表现和评分及球员潜力来进行的,在大体上该球员是龙是虫什么类型从系统刷出来就已经确定下来了,而一球成名模式因为引入了“成长”这个新系统,所以其结果完全由你来决定的。也就是说12点的成长点数分配,决定了球员三分之二的成长之路和最终的类型,剩下三分之一则由你比赛的表现来决定。
根据球员天赋特点,来决定发展方向是十分重要的,这里每个人的思路各不相同,我抛砖引玉举出三个方案。
A.以身体素质为主-----比较适用于中锋、边锋、边前卫、后腰这几个位置。在前三个赛季也就是20岁之前,速度、平衡、力量上各投入四点,其他方面无视,然后再根据自己喜好和位置发展。
速度影响到极限速度、启动速度、盘带速度这几个指标,力量影响到弹跳、头球、射门力量这几个指标,平衡影响到身体平衡、反应这几个指标。经过三个赛季的培养能达球星标准,球员使用起来也会更加顺手一些。
B.以技术属性为主-----比较适用于前锋、前腰、影锋这几个位置。前三个赛季在传射、控球、平衡各投入四点,其他方面无视,然后根据自己喜好和位置发展。
传射影响到长传、短传、射门精度和技巧,控球影响盘带精度、控球技术(也就是以前的技术),平衡影响到身体平衡、反应。
C.全面平衡性发展-----合适各个位置,每个属性各放两点,也就是所谓的一人一口。体力90左右差不多可以胜任全场比赛,那时可以腾出两点来放到你想加强的属性上。
这样做的好处当然是全面均衡发展,球员全面,但是成效缓慢,球员到25岁左右才能略成气候。
2.球员成长来自两个经验,一个是成长经验一个是比赛经验,每场比赛经验虽然较少0~2点但是积少成多,绝对不能忽视。比赛经验来自你临场的发挥,而并非评分,举个例子说一场比赛你传球多有可能得到2点加成,传球少或失误太多就什么也得不到,根据本人经验,比赛经验的获得和最佳球员无关,全场比赛传球发挥不好哪怕是最佳球员,在比赛结束后传球那里红色的比赛经验条是看不到的。
PS:本作的评分系统是根据进球助攻及技战术发挥(间接助攻、威胁球、门柱球、解围、抢断等)来进行判断,但比赛经验则是完全根据你临场技术属性的使用频率和使用效果来决定的。
K社的这个评分系统有其弊端,也有其好处。每个玩家不同玩法很容易在其培养的球员身上显示出来,我在线上已经看到了不下十个21岁就极限速度、盘带速度95左右的球员,但技术属性一片惨白,特别是配合,有的才60多(带的太多传的太少-_-),也看过个别20岁左右速度一般,80+左右,但传球就到达85~90左右的(爱传球的好同志),一个朋友培养的另类21岁192CM的高中锋,虽然其他方面惨了点,但弹跳头球竟然已经到了93(木头桩子),据说一个赛季一半的进球来头球。
3.特技的养成,网上曾有一篇关于PES2009的文章,大致列出培养出相关特技所需要的技能属性标准,但根据自己和身边朋友的经验,对WE2009来说未必准确。
A。射手天份这个特技比较容易习得,连续5~10场比赛都能取得2~3个进球,就算射门属性一片白板也可习得,单刀射手需要一定的单刀进球率,如果玩的难度偏低也比较容易习得,这两个特技都可以大幅度提高射门的准确率,类似于隐藏属性。
PS:每个赛季初都可以变更游戏的难度,虽然不推荐这么做,但感觉难度太大的朋友在前几个赛技可以考虑略微调整游戏难度。但需要注意的是专家以下难度的成长和比赛经验只有50%。
B.盘带类的属性同样可以根据临场发挥练出,但组织盘带这个特技比较难练出,有达人练出麻烦说下心得。C。司令塔和传球手的特技能练出难度较大,同城一个朋友在20岁时练出了司令塔,据说一个赛季助攻数达30+,且每场比赛传球数均在30+,看来他的踢法有很大关系。
D.铲球特技和贴身逼强特技需要一定的身体平衡,这点已经证实,同样需要一定的铲球和抢断数。
E.其他特技还未研究出来,欢迎大家回帖指出培养方法。
四、成名之路,俱乐部的选择
1、不同的俱乐部可以导致你截然不同的成名之路,不要怀疑,这里和现实一样。不同的俱乐部财力、战术、打法和人员配置各有不同。
PS:如果你喜欢现实球队俱乐部的人员配置原状,请把转会频率调低,否则几个赛季后很多球队就物是人非。本作英超球队的财力是一流的,不光是切尔西、曼联、阿森纳几大豪门,纽卡、热刺等中游球队也是如此,如果你的转会频率调的是最高,很快意甲、荷超、法甲的明星球员会尽数被挖来。
如果你是意甲的球迷,说句不太中听的话,除非是米兰双雄,其他球队包括罗马、尤文等都不合适你发展,特别是前几个赛季。意甲球队本作比较穷困,而且会经常把球队曾经老臣买回来使用,这倒是次要。要命的是意甲大多球队打的都是361或者541长传+反击流,初期素质不强的时候会让玩家觉得异常吃力。
PS:拉奇奥、亚特兰大的球迷别拿板砖扔我,经我亲身体会,这两只队伍打法落伍,球员强弱差次不齐,教练用人怪异,而且球队主力不断流失,劝君转会时慎重再慎重。
初期合适发展的小球会推荐(因为初期也只有小球队会签你)
意甲:雷吉纳。切沃。
西甲:贝蒂斯。
法甲:欧赛尔。雷恩
英超:维甘竞技。曼城。热刺。
荷超:AZ。阿尔克马尔。
2、根据自己所玩的实际位置来选择你想转会的俱乐部是最明智的做法,特别是报价的俱乐部提供的位置是你想打的或是你想练出的位置。电脑教练用人的规则一般是派你首发上场让你打的是你开始设定的位置,替补上场打的是次要位置,但次要位置发挥的好一定场次就可以让你习得新位置。
五、临场发挥,一球成名
不要把以往模式的经验用在一球成名上,很多经验并不适用,以往的模式除你控制的球员外,其他十人都是根据电脑的AI和球员属性进行自动跑位,而现在完全反了过来。如何合理的利用电脑AI帮助你在比赛中取得更好的成绩,个人有个人的经验。这里我主要介绍的是前几个赛季的一些个人经验,待25岁以后拥有球星的底子以后,发挥就可以随意很多了。
PS:个人认为远宽视角+雷达辅助是比较好的选择,赛场动态更直观,当然主视角的代入感比较纯正,但视野不够开阔。
1、活用双击RT的要球。
电脑毕竟是电脑,它不可能在每个恰当的位置给你传出舒服的球,而且每个球员的配合属性、状态各有不同,所以如何活用要球功能非常重要。
在高速奔跑状态下,你最好处在空档并且防守球员距你三个身位以上向队友要球,因为初期你的控球各项技术指标较低,很容易丢球。例如,传球打在后脚跟上-_-
PS:不要过多抱怨AI传球意识差。先从自己的跑位路线找找原因。当然电脑控制的球员根据配合能力影响也有关系。当你的配合属性和队友连携慢慢提高后。即使相隔半场前插要球。只要跑位合理。配合指数高的队友也会在后场以一个华丽的大范围转移把皮球送到你脚下。同样。在禁区内混战时如果你处于空档。时刻提防队友冷不丁塞过来一个球。到时别措手不及。
2、非空档处,接到传球后先努力护住球
根据接球时的实际情况,首先要及时护住脚下的皮球。初期最好多用内脚背护球,不要轻易使用放开护球转身,处理空中球尽量用头部或胸部先将球停下。
3、不要轻易脱离自己的位置,特别是打边路位置的球员。很多人为了进球基本是全场自由人,追着球跑,这样不但耗费体力,还会造成本方阵型散乱,队友AI降低。因为很多时候你跑动的位置干扰了队友对传球路线的判断,导致AI只能继续带导致丢球或者盲目长传,有时大范围的横传转移是由守转攻的契机,但如果你司职边路却脱离你负责的范围太远,队友想转移也找不到人,只能继续向防守重心处盘带或传球,一旦丢球,对方一个转移而你负责的边路完全真空,那后防就很危险了。
PS:逐步减少使用自动防守功能的次数。因其追着球跑的特性。会导致很多无意义的跑动而丢失自己的位置。在最高难度下自动防守只有两种作用。不是被对方戏耍就是抢队友的球或和队友撞在一起导致丢球。至于自动跑位功能。设置里关了它吧。对你没任何帮助。
4、节奏,比赛的关键。在比赛中,学会慢慢把握球队攻击和防守的节奏,不要轻易打乱球队的节奏。
例子1。球队正从右翼开始反击,球传到你脚下,边前卫或边后卫已经插上,前锋已经就位,而这时你一味控球突破,就会放慢本方的进攻节奏,一旦丢球,后防就岌岌可危了。正确的做法是在本方快节奏反击时准确的找到空档一脚出球,保持球队的节奏不在你这里紊乱。
例子2.本方从正路开始进攻,对方防守队员已经快速回防,防守阵型已经落位,也就是没有多少空档可以传。这时球到你脚下后,不要着急往前传,先把球控制下来,回传或者向两边转移一下然后找合适的方向前插,待对方在度压上时要球。
例子3.很多人抱怨最高难度下本队的防守太差,其实如果你合理的把握节奏,可以给本方的防守提供很多帮助。最简单的就是在对方由守转攻的时候贴身逼抢拿球队员或贴身防守对方处于空档的球员,封堵对方的传球路线,这样对方的节奏马上就慢了下来,进攻的威力也就减弱。有时合理的铲球哪怕犯规也是延缓节奏的一个好办法。
PS:不要太独。以为整体考虑的心态上场比赛。特别是一些杯赛。别因为自己原因导致球队出局。不要吝啬传球。哪怕是过渡一下或者间接助攻。虽然你无法得到助攻数和进球数。但为了更快成长最简单的办法就是在一个赛季打更多的比赛。而且杯赛走的更远可以让你名利双收。
5、做好赛前准备。在赛前要大概掌握本队球员的技术特点、状态。例如前锋是哪种类型,速度快的可以多给直塞,高中锋可以多传中让他争顶,也可以在禁区前沿让他拿球或跟他做二过一,状态差的球员尽量不少喂球,很容易丢-_-,同时要注意自己的状态,状态差就保守点多传多防守争取稳定发挥,状态好就激情点尽量寻找机会进攻。这些看每个人玩游戏的态度,至少我觉得15分钟一场的比赛,赛前花1分钟做这些准备工作还是值得的。
6、进球、助攻是提高比赛表现最好的方法,也是你获得稳定位置和转会心仪俱乐部的最大砝码。
A.如果身材高大的球员,定位球和角球时尽量站前点争顶,如果对方有人盯防你,可以移动到弧顶处,待球马上发出时再前冲争顶,本作头球的进球机率还是蛮高的。
B。处理单刀球或无人防守球,我们的口号是来一个进一个!毕竟前期能力偏低这种机会并不多,需要牢靠的把握机会。单刀球用假射扣过门将是很好的方法,但是注意距离门将2~3个身位就要做动作了,不然以前期的盘带精度很容易错失得分机会。禁区内的搓射很好用,但是需要一定的射门精度,至少要70以上。
C.在防守球员距离你有3个身位以上的时候,尽量微操作调整把球员控在有利足上。左脚球员右路的射门,右脚球员左路的射门都比较精准。射门力量不要超过三分之一,不然以前期的精确度十有八九打飞,低平球就算被扑出还有补射和角球的机会。
D.传中和上面类似,左脚球员左路传中,右脚球员右路传中,这应该是足球的基本常识。如果你行进的不是自己有利足的边路,找机会内切后调整到有利足再传,毕竟自建球员的逆足精度比较低。活用传中的高弧度传中,特别是中路有队友高速插上的时候。如果队友在前点,那就用半高球或者低平球传中,机会更大一点。在长传转移时尽量是用传中,力度一半左右比较精准。内切后的传球助攻,也非常有效,但注意如果你需要传后点的队友,那内切后按住传球键。
E.抢点射门和禁区外远射在前期尽量少使用,我前期抢点后基本是传球的,还可以造成门前混乱。如果有很好的机会禁区弧顶处无人防守拿球,送开方向键停球然后轻拨,用三分之一的力度抽一脚,运气好还能打门将个出奇不意,但动作需要连贯,太慢了门将有准备就没意义了。
PS:前插抢点不要和队友包抄同一个点。如果队友在前你就尽量寻找后点或第二落点寻找补射机会。这样进攻的效率会更高。进球机会也多。
F。补射是前期拿分的好办法,不过需要慢慢培养判断二次进攻的落点,一般队友斜线射门不是角球就是折射中路,中路打门变数就比较大了,有一定运气成分。但注意直接任意球时判断下罚球队友的有利足罚出弧度,在第二落点经常能拣到便宜。
以上是本人对一球成名模式的一些粗略体会心得,希望对大家有所帮助。这种模式如果算做足球游戏的一种变革,我希望K社在下作能够逐渐完善,毕竟这种模式的代入感还是非常强大的,祝大家玩的开心。
5. 如何自学英语?
英语是国际网络语言,是金融界语言,是空中交通管制语言,是流行音乐的语言,涵盖了人类生活的方方面面,学好英语就如同打开了一扇世界之窗,我国是经济大国,普及英语更是国情需要。
单词
背词的方法因人而异,但是万变不离其宗,就是要多写、多读,还要多用。背单词的目的不单单是要会念会写,既然是从零开始,那么首先要掌握的必然是26个字母和48个国际音标的发音和写法了。我这边先为大家介绍一下音标的读法:
元音
1.单元音:前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ;中元音︰[A]、[o:];后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]
2.双元音:开合双元音:[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]
3辅音:爆破音:清辅音[p]、[t]、[k];浊辅音:[b]、[d]、[g];摩擦音:清辅音:[f]、[s]、[O]、[h];浊辅音:[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r];爆破音:[t]、[tr]、[ts];浊辅音:[d3]、[dr]、[dz];鼻音:[m]、[n]、[n];半元音:[0]、[w]。
(学习音标的话可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识音标https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2050891487235808454)
学习单词视频链接:https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html
以下的内容是我总结出的关于单词的一个分类总结。
名词(n.)
英语名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词。按照不同的分类标准,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词;可数名词和不可数名词。
1、专有名词(Proper noun)
它是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如:Newton牛顿,San Francisco旧金山,Russia俄罗斯,United Nations联合国。
2、普通名词(common noun)
它是某一类人、事物或某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如:lawyer律师,market市场,computer计算机,rice大米,magazine杂志,freedom自由。
3、可数名词
可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数形式。如:cup(杯子),cat(猫)等。
4、不可数名词
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。如:milk(牛奶),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡)等。
动词(V.)
英语动词简称“v.”。 一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
代词(pron.)
代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。(如下图列举几种)
介词(prep)
介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。(部分介词的用法如下图)
数词(num.)
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词,基数词是表示数目多少的数词。
基数词
基数词用来表示数目多少,它包括表示数字的所有单词,记忆这些数字可以用数字构成分类记忆法。下图是我整理的一个简单的总结。
基数的作用
如下图,是我整理的关于基数作用的归纳。
序数词
序数词用来表示次序,在汉语中表示为“第几”,如:第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序数词在书写时可以缩写first缩写为1st,second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd。下图是我总结整理的一个具体变换样式。
序数词除了第一,第二,第三或个位数为一,二,三结尾的序数词外,其它序数词都是以-th结尾的,缩写也是对应的数字加-th,如fourth(第四)缩写为4th。同时也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼写变化。下图是我总结整理的变换样式。
20-90整十位数序数词需要将对应的基数词词尾中的y变为i,然后加eth构成。 21-99非整十位数序数词需要十位数用基数词,个位数用相应的序数词。十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。
如下图是我整理的20-90整十位数序数词和21-99非整十位数序数词的部分内容。
序数词的用法
序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the。可以用来表示顺序、楼层、编号、日期中的日等。
2.3.1.用来表示顺序,如:
I am always the first to come to school.
我总是第一个来学校的。
2.3.2.用来表示楼层,如:
My aunt lives on the fourth floor.
我姑妈住在四楼。
2.3.3.用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词+名词=名词(首字母要大写) +基数词。如:
第九部分the ninth part=Part nine
第四课the fourth lesson=Lesson Four
第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six
温馨提示:编号较大时,一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101,表示101号房间。
2.3.4.用来表示年、月、日: "年"用基数词, “日用序数词”,如:
1949年10月1日一写法:Oct. 1st, 1949.读作:Oct.(the) first,nineteen forty-nine.
2017年2月28日一写法:February 28th,2017读作:February, (the) twenty-eighth,two
thousand and seventeen.
2.3.5.序数词作"几分之几”时,有复数形式。如:
1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds;4/7→four sevenths;1/2→a half;1/4→one fourth =a quarter;3/4→three fourths =three quarters;50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).
2.3.6.有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语,如:
on second thoughts再三考虑
frst of all首先
at first当初
from first to last从头到尾
on second thoughts再三思考
second to none名列前茅
形容词(adj.)
遇到一个生词的时候要先查字典,看看这个词有几个词性,每一词性下对应的意思是什么;其次,查找这个单词衍生出的其它词性的单词,例如:credit(信誉)是名词,加上词缀-ible之后变为credible(可信的;可靠地),作形容词和副词。
英语形容词可以根据词尾来识别。常见的形容词结尾如下:
●-able/-ible: credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible
●-al: annual, functional, individual, logical, essential
●-ful: awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful
●-ic: terrific, cubic, manic, rustic
●-ive: intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive
●-less: doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless
●-ous: adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.
副词(adv.)
说到副词对于初学者来说还有一个大块儿头是一定要记忆的,就是副词的十三种分类。记住这个的话,副词的主要脉络就抓住了。比如:副词表示方式、程度、时间什么的。但是,这里只说第一种,因为入门就是从简单的开始说,副词记住就是作状语,来修饰动词的。就这么简单。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下图是作者整理的总结性归纳。图一和图二进行衔接观看。
图一
图二
冠词(art.)
不定冠词
a,an是不定冠词,只用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意思。a用在以辅音开头的词前面;an用在以元音开头的词之前,如:a day;a boy;an apple等。
定冠词
the是定冠词,表示“这”“那”“这些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前。
冠词的基本用法
(1)单数可数名前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
I have a cute dog.我有一只可爱的小狗。
(2)复数形式可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西国家非常要。
(3)不可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。
(4)专有名词前一般不用冠词。
Beijing is the capital of China.北京中国的首都。
不定冠词a,an一般有any或one的意思,但不强调数目概念,只用来泛指事物,说明其名称或种类。
(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或an起介绍作用。
She is a teacher.她是一位老师。
(2)表示泛指某一类人或物。
A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一种冷血动物。
(3)表示某一类人或事物的任何一 个。
This is a cat.这是一只猫。
(4)用于抽象名词之前,使抽象名词具体化。
It is a pity that you are late.很遗憾你迟到了。
The ltte child is a joy to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多欢乐。
(5)用于物质名词之前,使物质名词普通化。
They made a fire to get warm.他们生火取暖。
注意:
(1) 当不定冠词所修饰的那个名词的第一个音(不是字母,而是读音)为元音时,不定冠词要用an,而以辅音开头时用a.
(2)在使用不定冠词时,要特别注意缩略词。
an unidentified flying object一个不明飞行物。缩略词: a UFO.
连词(conj.)
连词可以分成两类,一类是表示并列关系的连词。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等;一类是从属连词,用于引出从句,比如主语从句,宾语从句,状语从句等,比如that, if, when, so, for等。
并列连词又可以分成三类,一类是表示选择的并列关系的, 主要有or表示或者,否则,either...or不是...就是...,neither...nor....也不....例句如下:
What is your favoite,singing or dancing?什么是你的最爱?唱歌还是跳舞?
I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞.
Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告诉她真相,要么他告诉她真相。
另一类是表示转折关系的并列连词, 主要有but但是,while而等。 例句如下:
I like singing but dancing. 我喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。
I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌,而我姐姐喜欢跳舞。
还有就是表示并列关系的并列连词,比如and,bot...and,以及as...等。例句如下:
Don't waste food and time.不要浪费食物和时间。
This box is three times as big as that one.这个箱子比那个大三倍。
从属连词主要根据状语的类型来分类。引导时间状语从句的从属连词类型比较多,包括表示“当…时”的when,while,as或whenever;表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after;表示“自从或直到”的since,till和untile;表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。例句如下:
I was singing when she danced.当她在跳舞时,我在唱歌。
I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌时她正在跳舞。
She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌,她就跳舞。
引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有:because,for,as,since等。例句如下:
I study s go to the best school.因为我想上最好的学校,所以我才这么努力
引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有:in order that,so that,in case等。例句如下:
I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是为了能上最好的学校。
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有:so that,so...that,such..that等。例句如下:
I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我学习那么努力,所以我上了最好的学校。
感叹词(int.)
英语感叹词有:indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下图是我整理的一个总结性笔记。
学习计划
在我们熟悉了解音标和单词之后我们就可以为自己制定学习计划了。以下是我总结出的学习计划,方法不一定适应每个人,但是希望会对大家有一个帮助。
1.我们可以将5500个常见词汇分为30-50个Unit,每天背诵一个Unit(100-200个单词),一个月就可以完成一轮背诵,然后第二、三个月进行第二轮、三轮巩固复习。当然,每天早上背完一个新的Unit之后,我们需要在第30分钟、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、对每个单元进行及时重复复习。
2.【具体方法】:早上:拿一张白纸挡住中文意思,只看英文单词开始背诵,勾出不认识的单词。背完一个Unit之后,立刻把勾出的单词再背一遍(依旧遮住中文意思),如果还是有某个单词不认识,就再打勾背诵;30分钟后:把勾出来的单词重新自测一遍;晚上:睡前把打了2次及以上勾的单词重新自测一遍。以此类推,反复记忆。
3.【注意要点】:一定要严格按照表格重复,不要偷懒!不要偷懒!不要偷懒!如果偷懒一次,漏下一两个单元,今天耽误了,那明天想补救就会很难。比如,你3月20号背诵了Unit 12,你不仅要在30分钟后和晚上睡觉之前复习两遍Unit 10,你还需要在背完Unit 12后同步复习之前背过的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。
作者在这边也分享一下自己学习单词的视频链接:https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html,该视频里可以帮大家有效的学习到单词的读音,同时在视频中也教给大家如何利用学到的音标来进行拼读单词。如果有兴趣学习的小伙伴们可以跟着视频进行单词的学习。
APP推荐
百词斩
全民用的最多最火的背单词神器,下载量高达3亿,评分超级高。关键是适合不同年龄层次的人,可根据自己的身份选择不同的单词文本,有小学、初中、高中、大学、四六级、专业六级、八级,适合零基础的成年人从头开始学习。还有不同的背单词场景,根据不同的图片背诵单词,记忆效果很好,对零基础的成年人很友好。
沪江开心词场
趣味性极强的背单词神器,成功解决了背单词枯燥无味的问题。这个APP最大的特点就是,在闯关的过程中,顺便把单词背诵了,轻松有趣,很适合成年人在上下班地铁上背诵。闯关的过程,也是检验你是否掌握单词的过程,不记住,闯不了关,让你干着急,激发你的闯关欲望。
扇贝单词
不仅可以背单词,还可以做笔记。和其他APP不一样,这个软件背诵单词的速度飞快,不过还会有第二轮的检验,反复巩固,加强背诵效果。背诵之前,还会问你认不认识这个单词,如果不认识,出现的频率会更高。
语法
我们认识了单词之后,就可以来了解每个单词组成句子的语法问题。其实任何一门学科都是由浅入深的,英语也不例外。学习语法就像造房子,首先要把基础的语法脉络理清,打好根基,之后再慢慢补充和拓展,让知识巩固起来。
英语语法最基础的就是简单句的组成,之后我们才会慢慢了解到并列句、复合句以及从句,以下是我总结出的语法内容,我们一起来看看吧!
简单句语法
所有的句子都是通过简单句而组合的,只不过句子的结构拓宽了一点, 词汇丰富了一点,从而演变为其他的长句。
1.主谓
主谓就是主语 + 谓语的组合,比如:Spring comes 。这句话中主语是spring ,谓语是 comes 。
主语就是引领句子的开头部分,是一个句子的主体,英文是 subject ,我们用字母 S 代替。谓语可以理解为动词,英文是 verb,我们用字母 v 代替。
2.主谓宾
根据字面的意思就是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语组合而成的句子,比如 : I love you .
这句话中主语是 i ,谓语是 love ,宾语就是在谓语后面的词,这里是 you。
宾语的英文是 object,这里用字母 o 代替。
3.主谓宾宾
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。
这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。
比如 :I give you money .
这里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的宾语,give you 和 give money ,所以都是两个宾语。
4.主谓宾宾补
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。
比如 :It makes me happy .
这里的 me 是 make 的宾语,但是 happy 不是 make 的宾语。
happy 是 me 的形容词,是一个宾补,全称为宾语补足语,起到了补充说明的作用。
注意 :区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补
主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词,而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词,与谓语没有任何关系。
5.主系表
这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别
A be 动词 : am is are was were
B 感官动词 (五官)
look 看起来
sound 听起来
smell 闻起来
taste 尝起来
feel 摸着....感觉......
C 变化动词
become / turn / go / get / grow
这里的表是代表表语,包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式todo
比如 you are beautiful 这句话中,you 是主语,are 是系动词,beautiful 是表语。
并列句语法
简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子,通过并列词成了并列句,通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 :
并列句:简单句+并列词+简单句
并列词一般有:and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however,
1.表示并列:
and,not only...but also...,neither...nor...
Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .
2.表示选择:
or,or else,otherwise,either...or...
Hurry or you won't make the train.
3.表示对比、转折:
but,whileyet,however,never,
I like tea while she likes coffee.
4.表示原因:for
I am thirsty , for it is hot .
复合句:简单句+从属连词+简单句
从属连词有:that /wether/if。
从句语法
名词性从句
当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时,又被称呼为不同的名字。
当作为主语时,称为主语从句。
当称为宾语时,称为宾语从句,同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 :
主语从句 What she said is wrong .
宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.
表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.
同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.
记住一点,不管什么从句,你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。
那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语,就是主语从句,作宾语就是宾语从句。
同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。
定语从句
修饰限定名词,汉语中“的”前面的内容。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
关系副词引导的定语从句
when where why
状语从句
修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式。
1.时间状语从句
常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant,
I was fat when I was a child.
2.地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Keep it where you can see it.
3.原因状语从句
常用引导词:because, since, as, for
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .
4.目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
study hard so that you can pass the exam.
5.结果状语从句
常用引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
6.条件状语从句
常用引导词:if, unless,
特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
If you ask him, he will help you.
7.方式状语从句
常用引导词:as, as if, how
特殊引导词:the way
Think as i think
8.比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
The house is three times as big as ours.
9.让步状语从句
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Though I believe it,yet I must consider.
时态、语态问题
时态的本质是:时+态。
所以学习时态,一定要把时和态分开来看待。
I am a teacher.
这句话,时间是“现在时”,状态是“一般态”
英语里有4种时间:
过去,现在,将来,过去将来
英语里有4种状态:
一般态:非完成,非进行
进行态:动作的延续
完成态:在截止时间时,完成了的事情
完成进行态(几乎不用):过去是,到截止时间是,将来还是的事情(强调截止时间)
如下图,两个是我整理的笔记内容。
学习计划
1.从阅读时理解语法,再用语法书夯实理解而成的专业知识。举一个典型的例子。冠词the看似简单,实际上用法难懂变化多端。一本详细的语法书通常会记录数十条应用the的规则,及其不计其数的不可抗力事件,并且除外中依然存在除外。
2.学精语法,英语语感比规则关键。培养阅读英文的好习惯。仍以the为例。每一次读书的时候难免会遇到the字数十次,而每次都是看到不同情况,不同类型的句型。
3.读书时碰到疑惑,前去阅览语法书。这时候,语法书里的复杂规则就恰好派上用场了。由于你明白自己要请,都知道这种语法规则用于具体的语句。
以下几个图片是我在网上进行搜索归纳的总结性笔记,一列为一种总结内容,图一至图四为整体内容,图二衔接图一结尾,图三衔接图二结尾,图四衔接图三结尾。
图一
图二
图三
图四
给大家讲了这么多书面上的语法问题,作者在这里给学习英语的小伙伴们介绍一下我在学习英语时候借鉴的视频。视频中老师充分讲解了初步学习英语适用的语法问题,在讲解的同时还为大家用例句进行了说明。视频链接如下:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b)
推荐书籍
《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》
本书内容非常简单,可以帮助语法薄弱的学习者慢慢理解语法。它分为三个部分:初级句型、中级句型和高级句型。初级句型共讲解了五种基本句型;中级句型有四种,即形容词从句、名词从句、状语从句和倒装句。另外这本书的冠词、不定式和动名词的语法相比其他语法书的讲解更透彻。
《English Grammar in Use》
本书的语法范例,主要是以情景为例,将抽象的语法概念更具体化、也易于理解。书中材料均来自英语母语国家,表达地道,让学习者可以学以致用,让学习的效率更好。全书图文并茂,内容生动,对语法知识点进行分类对比,可以让学习者快速梳理思路,学习起来事半功倍。
《柯林斯英语语法》
《柯林斯英语语法》的体例和所有的英语语法书都不一样,不是按照句型排列的,而是按照表达法和表达功能排列的,而内容也侧重于灵活实用的功能语法讲解,强调语法和词汇的结合。
句子
通过了单词和语法的认识,持之以恒记忆对话、课文中的佳句是丰富我们语言,积累句式的好方法。而能对熟悉的句子进行变通也是学习英语的重要技巧之一。现在虽然考试不考句型转换,但是句型转换可以加深我们的记忆和知识的拓展。(想详细了解英语造句内容的可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识英语基础https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b)
句子成分
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种,其中,主语和谓语是主要成分有,表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分是次要成分。
一、主语
主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
二、谓语
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。
We often speak English in class.
三、宾语
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。
He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语)
四、定语
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)
五、状语
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
Light travels most quickly. (副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)
六、补语
补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
His father named him Dongming. (名词)
They painted their boat white. (形容词)
七、表语
表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)
八、同位语
同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。同位语和补语的区别在于:补语不能缺少,同位语可以缺少。
九、独立成分
独立成分,是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面,与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时,它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。
陈述句
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。陈述句的核心是非常基础的。这个句子里有一个名词和一个动词。句子可以有其他成分,如形容词、副词和其他词。但是最简单的形式就是名词和动词。
陈述句的基本句型:
(1)主语+连系动词+表语
(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)
(3)主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语
(4)主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语
(5)主语+谓语(及物动词) V.+宾语+宾语补足语
肯定句
The river flooded.河水泛滥了。(主谓 )
He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主谓滨)
He can teach you English.他可以教你英语。(主谓+双宾)
He painted the desk blue.他把书桌涂成了色。(主谓滨宾补)
He is a doctor.他是一名医生。(主系表)
否定句
The river did not/didn't flood. 河水没有泛滥。
He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他没有幽默感。
He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英语。
He didn't paint the desk blue.他没有把书桌涂成蓝色。
He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名医生。
疑问句
一般疑问句
通常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实,其回答通常是yes或no,因此这类问句又叫做“是非问句”。下面是句型。
Is there something wrong with this machine?这台机器有问题吗?
Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了吗?
Shall we go on?我们继续向前吗?
Will he not agree with you?他不同意你吗?
Haven't you any sisters?你没有姐妹吗?
Don't you like this movie?你不喜欢这部电影吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是对句中的某一部分提出疑问,通常以who、where、when、why等疑问词开头,因此又叫“wh-问句”。下面是句型。
Who are you?你是谁?
Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和谁打乒乓球?
Whose glasses are broken?谁的眼镜打碎了?
Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?
What do they want to do?他们想要做什么?
When does she want to practice?她想要什么时候练习?
Where is the restroom?洗手间在哪里?
Why did you leave?你为什么离开了 ?|
How do you study English?你怎么学习英语?
选择疑问句
选择疑问句是对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问方式。下面是句型。
Shall we go by bus or by train?我们乘汽车还是乘秋车?,
Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我帮你,还是你自己解决?
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一样, 咖啡还是茶?
Coffee or tea?咖啡还是茶?
Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰,你最喜欢哪样?
反义疑问句
反意疑问句又称为附加疑问句,英语称为tag question,是一种常用于口语的疑问句式,主要由“陈述句(或祈使句) + 疑问句”构成。下面是句型。
陈述句有 be 动词时,以该be动词形成反问;陈述句有助动词(will、shall、can、have...)时,以该助动词形成反问;陈述句只有动词时,按主语人称及该动词时态,置 do、does、did 形成反问。下面是句型。下面是句型。
Study hard, will you?要用功,好不好?
Don't do it, will you?不要做这件事,好不好?
Let me go, will you?让我走,好不好?
Let's stop here, shall we?我们在这里停下,好吗?
There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在这个咖啡厅有无线网络,对吗?
The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢,对吗?
Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅长数学,对吗?
John is going to study English, isn't he? John会学习英文,对吗?
祈使句
祈使句是英语中的一个句式,也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
感叹句
感叹句是英语四大功能句型之一,主要用来表示高兴、愤怒、厌恶或者欣赏等强烈感情的句子,句末通常用感叹号!结尾,说话时用降调。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
简单句
由一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语)构成。只有一套主谓结构。主语可理解为“谁?”,谓语视为“做什么?”“是什么?”。
简单句五种基本句型:
主系表 SVP
主谓SV
主谓宾SVO
主谓双宾SVOO
主谓宾宾补SVOC
下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
并列句
是并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列而成,有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。并列句的基本句型:“分句+并列连词/特殊符号+分句”。并列连词:and(和,而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因为) so (所以)。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
特殊句式
存在句
存在句在英语中是用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义,而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以从结构,句型来分析,可以有多种时态形式。相关的语法重点有:存在句的谓语动词,存在句非限定形式,存在句主谓一致等。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
省略句
在英语中,名词可以省略,动词可以省略,动词当中不但系动词这样的可以省略,连实意动词也是可以省略的,只要它已经出现过了。会使用省略句是英语水平走向高阶的一个标志,在使用省略句的时候,不要担心对方看不懂或者听不懂。只要你用的正确,不存在别人不能理解。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
倒装句
为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。英语倒装句的7种形式,希望能帮助你理解英语句子。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
强调句
强调句型是一种特殊句式,用于表示说话者强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是通过某种手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更重要。强调句型的结构如图所示:
学习计划
【第一步】:看大标题,图片,小标题,看完之后大概猜测文章是关于什么的,目的在于对文章有个模糊的印象。
【第二步】:重点略读,主要读每段第一句和最后一句,大概了解每个段的内容,目的在于对文章结构有个整体把握,比如典型的结构——介绍问题、给出原因、提出解决方法、说明潜在风险、对未来进行判断。
【第三步】:全文略读,读的时候让尽可能多的信息进入眼眶,略读次要信息,抓重点信息(核心观点、重要前提、重要假设),并对重点信息进行精读,同时对觉得不错的内容再进行标记。目的在于掌握重点信息,方面以后复查或者积累写作素材。(这时候不懂的单词可以圈起来,只要不影响文章大意理解就不查,等到最后一步再查)
【第四步】:不断来回查找信息,对比是否存在疏漏,目的在于梳理文章结构,掌握文章整体脉络。
【第五步】:带着结构重新略读阅读信息,精读标记信息,看是否理解清楚,是否需要进一步的查询工作。
学习计划制定好后,作者这边推荐小伙伴们可以在b站上跟着这位老师学习学习,他的视频内容充分的为大家解决了句型问题,同时还利用造句的方式帮助小伙伴们可以更加深刻的了解英语句子的组成部分,视频链接如下:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b
阅读外文文章
《读者文摘》
读者文摘在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年创刊,这是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。适用人群是英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党。
同时,由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性,中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。非常适合考试党提高英语能力和语感,是夯实英语基础的大众型读物。
购买方式:直接联系中图订购纸本,这种刊物在国内订阅是完全许可的。都是英文原版,按期引进。读者文摘是那种小册子,时代是标准的杂志。现在国家对外籍刊物进口管理比较严格,自己从网上订电子版往往会被屏蔽掉。
《经济学人》
这是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志,创办于1843年9月,创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智,幽默,有力度,严肃又不失诙谐,并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名,是社会精英必不可少的读物。
里面的文章十分经典,经常出现在考研的阅读理解里面,可见里面的用词、用句的高水平。还有很重要的一点,就是《经济学人》里面还会涉及大量的词汇、固定搭配以及长难句,不仅仅是提升阅读水平,对于词汇积累、语法提升等都大有好处。
就里面所有的板块和内容而言,个人最喜欢其中的 obituary 和 special report 部分,前者会写很多有趣的人,很有意思。后者则涉及政治、经济、社会、科技领域的时新专题报道,属于涨知识的必备栏目。
阅读方式:一些免费提供离线资源的网站,这块要用谷歌搜,或者用必应国际版,但很多更新更新着就不更新了,免费的可以搜一个关键词:西贝博客。还有国内一些网站提供付费的离线资源,这块是一种选择,只要会用指令搜索,就可以搜索进行查看。
还有就是通过发邮件到经济学人官方,咨询他们有哪些授权渠道商,再通过这些渠道商去订阅。
英语中期学习
听力
我们在锻炼听力的时候一定不要听那些东拼西凑的英语磁带,而是选择一个听力材料就彻底把它拿下。材料里的每一个单词、每一个短语都要听清楚。为了达到这一点,你必须听写。
明确学习任务
第一步是先纠正自己的音标,这是最基础的,我们之所以听不懂是因为我们发音不标准,我们也听不出来英语发音。所以首先必须纠正好自己的音标。
第二步是要扩大自己的单词量,好多人不注意这一点,认为听力的单词量有限,但是一定要把自己的单词量扩大到一定的范围。
第三步是训练听力,首先训练单个单词,先听单个单词,然后在逐渐的听句子,这是很主要的,要循序渐进。
第四步是在听听力的时候,一定要在自己听不懂的地方多听几遍,并把相关的单词和句子抄下来,经常去阅读。
第五步是每天坚持听听力至少2个小时,这是非常关键的一步,不要怕辛苦,坚持下来就行。
第六步是可以坚持看美剧或者坚持听外国的音乐和相关的歌曲,对自己的听力都有很大的帮助。
听力的基础练习可以在b站上搜索发音词典(这是用户)进行用于听力练习,这个老师的视频中开头部分就为大家制定好了听力规则,在观看视频的时候也可以充分的锻炼自己的英语听力。视频的链接如下:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b
学习小技巧
1、学会抓关键词
在听力过程中,我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间,快速浏览选项,对比其不同之处,在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份,帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。
2、学会划分意群
很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听,想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的,也是很难做到的。因此,我们要学会划分意群来听,分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间,并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。
3、学会提前思考
在听力开始之前,你就要浏览完材料,结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么,目的又是什么。并学会猜测,包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置,所以,听听力要积极主动。
4、学会做笔记
好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰,让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神,记住相关信息,因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的,因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。
5、学会注意数字
要注意以下几方面:常规数字的连读,百分数,分数,小数,百分比,电话号码,航班号,驾照号,信用卡号等等。
推荐学习网站
BBC Learning English
我一定要把它放在第一位,因为只要想到网路上的免费英文学习资源,第一个要推荐的绝对是BBC Learning English。
这个被公认为全球最佳的英文学习网站,不只具有英文单字词汇、文法、发音、听力、会话、阅读以及学习测验等丰富多元的学习教材,而且也一直持续更新教学内容。
除了可以用网路学习之外,也可以免费下载mp3语音和文字稿到电脑,当作持续自学进修练习的免费教材。
TED
TED Talks是可以一边听演讲一边训练英文听力的网站。在这里有不同领域的专业人士所发表的科学、娱乐、文化、教育、艺术等等专题英文演讲影片,除了训练正式英文的听力之外,还可以增长知识,开拓自己的视野。可以观看约10~20分钟TED Talks练习英文听力,听不懂时,还可阅读演讲稿理解影片内容。
English Online France
English Online France是一个非常有趣的在线英文听力训练网站,依照初级、中级和高级区分的英文听力训练教材共超过一百个项目,包括听写练习与测验的MP3语音教材以及听力练习与测验的影片。
口语
语言不是教会的,而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望,应力争语言训练的各种机会。应该不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。(口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索,也可以结合下文讲解,在该连接中看视频配合学习https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b)
明确学习任务
1. 一定要用完整句子对话
面对任何问题,都不能只回答表面内容,一定要在此基础上展开回答。如果别人问你一个问题,你只回答 Yes 或者 No,那如何提高口语呢?即使遇到了一个你根本不了解或者不会的问题,也千万不要用:“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”来回应。比如别人问了一个最基础的问题,“Where are you from?” 你千万不能只说:“I come from Beijing.”正确的做法是:先说明你来自北京,然后介绍一下北京的风土人情、家乡美食等等,最后再和对方互动一下,问你去过北京吗?或者你觉得北京这座城市怎么样呢?
2.多使用一些复杂句和从句
然后在平时练习过程中,要将简单句和复杂句交错使用,不要一直用简单的句子,这样会显得你的水平很 Low,也不要一直说很复杂的句子,因为很容易出错。在变换不同的句式的时候,记得不要出错。避免一直说简单句的最好方法就是,多说一些稍微复杂一点的从句,比如定语从句、条件状语从句、主语从句等等,同时一些相同意思的句子也不要用重复表达,要学会多尝试用不同的句式说出来。
3.通过美剧学习口语
通过美剧学习英语口语也是很多人可能有尝试的方法,对于上班族来说可以一边放松心情的同时学习英语。我建议可选择那些与日常生活比较贴近、故事情节较强的影视材料。例如金色年代。
口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索MrYang杨家成,这个老师讲解的每个视频内容虽然简短,但是老师在讲解前就利用学生的错误发音进行纠正,充满趣味性的同时也能认识到口语发音方面的错误。我这边为大家找到一个不错的视频内容,链接如下:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b,如果需要的话可以试着看看一看。
英音发音学习
1.建立英音的肌肉反射
在我们开始在美音和英音间做出实质性的发音改变之前。我们首先要知道,发音的改变是要体现在每一个音上的,这样的改变才能导致整体上发音的变化。这包括说话过程中嘴型的变化,以及嘴部肌肉运动方式的变化。这是一个整体上的变化。并不只在有某个变化音的词里,你才能听到这样的变化,而是在每个音节上都可以听的出来。
所以想要练习一口标准的英式英语,第一步也是必不可少的一步就是练习音标。将每个音标老老实实的学习,通过肌肉发射,对后面的英式英语的口语练习能有很大的帮助。
2.建立英音语言环境
学一门语言,最好的当然就是处于一个特定的语言环境内。既然我们是在国内,没有办法实现英式英语的环境,那么我就可以通过听力来实现输入的问题,通过口语来实现输出的问题。
而对于锻炼听力,最推从的方法就是听万能的BBC了。你要知道,在BBC,不仅仅只有新闻的,BBC还有很多栏目,比如BBC Learning,就是可以通过上面的视频进行练习口语听力的栏目。
3.建立口语交流机制
现在互联网这么发达,我们完全可以通过sns来和世界交流。你只要学会FAN墙,就可以通过Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp来找到愿意和你交流的人,如果他愿意学习中文是再好不过的了,这样互助互利是最持久的。不过记住,我们是要练习英式英语,所以最好找英国,或者加拿大的。
4.英式发音技巧
“R”不发音,不卷舌
T不发D音,发T音或不发音
请注意,“H”并不总是发音
单词“been”的读音是“bean”,而不是“bin”
结尾降调
美音发音学习
1.准备好学习的视频参照物
仅仅是自己照着音标、课本练习朗读,不能使自己的发音改善。学习发音视频教程,才是最容易、最直观、最简单的方法。因为,可以直观地看到美国人的嘴形、舌头的位置,这样可以很容易自我调整。
请在免费WiFi下,请自行百度:美式发音训练视频教程(汇总贴)。可以很容易找到美国Paul老师的视频教程。
2.制定学习计划,每天学习1集视频
每天观看1集视频,并且在安静、不被打扰的环境下学习。跟着视频一起,自己张口练习。练习时,不用去记忆生词,只需要张口练习发音就好。
学习完1集视频后,找找自己熟悉的单词、简单句子,按照刚刚学会的方法轻松、张口朗读。
嘴巴重新习惯需要时间。所以,请在学习第2、3、4天,轻松复习第1天学习的发音,并张口练习。这时,不用重新看视频,只需要读一读单词、简单句子。
3.巩固训练
在平时自己朗读自己喜欢的文章时,特意留意学会的新的发音。这是进步的最后一步。如果自己没有调整,还是按照自己以前的发音方法,那就没进步了!
如果按照这样的步骤,认真练习,任何一个自己不会的发音,每位朋友都可以在1周内熟练掌握。1个月内就可以掌握所有的标准美式发音了。
4.强化训练
如果学习过美国Paul老师的教程,还觉得不够。再推荐一个视频教程:
美国 Lisa 老师的——Lisa美语视频教程。请按照同样的反复,每次学习30分钟吧
5.美式发音技巧
当字母R出现在最后一个字母位置的时候,要发卷舌音。
当字母R的后面紧跟一个辅音字母的时候,这里的R要发音/r/
美式发音中的第二个特征,是关于美式浊化音。比如letter这个单词,其中的字母t就需要百分之五十浊化成发音/d/,有点类似ladder了。.
口语app
扇贝口语
这是一款旨在让用户“听得懂、说得出”的英语口语学习app,适合所有阶段人群,扇贝口语的课程系统完善,而且形式比较丰富,包括角色扮演,发音打分和故事模式,通过跟读以及听音复述和智能打分的形式,帮助培养开口习惯,纠正发音错误。
流利说英语
这是一款智能口语打分软件,内置各种以场景为主题的课程,你可以跟读模仿,然后系统会根据你的发音情况进行打分,他的练习材料非常丰富,从教材到职场,从生活到影视剧,而且都有难度划分,逐渐升级。
英语后期学习
练习
后期就要把你珍藏的真题拿出来了,从头到尾掐准时间(可以在开始的时候把时间写在卷题上,结束对照一下时间),作文可以先不写(前5套真题左右,把作文专项练习一下),一套真题两三天左右吃透,半个月时间把作文好好练习一下(文末附有大小作文模板以及视频),做完对照答案,(如何分析和做阅读,前面的文章已经讲过了)分数依然不重要,重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方,单词、语法、阅读速度还是注意力的问题。
背单词
单词不用说,该背还要背,这个时间可以有侧重点的背,同时还需要把重点放在真题中单词上来,一定要注意熟词僻义。
阅读
仔细思考做题过程中的这个题做错了,为什么做错,我当初怎么想的,答案又是怎么说的,有没有了解出题人的意图,带着这些问题,把错的选项分析一遍,做个小结,在题旁边标注,属于哪种错误,是粗心大意还是单词或者翻译错误等;其次是单词,这个单词我背过吗,是生词还是背过忘了,然后查出这个单词,记在自己的单词本或者在单词出处记下来,第二天背下来。
作文
怎么构思,如果这次试卷就是考试,我该从哪下手,我是不是又用了,老掉牙的词,背的好词好句有没有用上等;最后就是总结,把阅读、单词、作文遇到的问题做个总结,做个规划去处理,然后第二天去复习,直到这张试卷你认为没有什么价值了,那么你复盘总结就是成功的。
总结
最后说一下完成这个阶段所需的时间,我建议用两个月去完成是比较合适的。不要拖太长时间,不要在学习的舒适区呆太久。我们是需要感觉到自己在进步,需要有很多正反馈才能继续坚持学习的。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语是国际网络语言,是金融界语言,是空中交通管制语言,是流行音乐的语言,涵盖了人类生活的方方面面,学好英语就如同打开了一扇世界之窗,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"我国是经济大国,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"普及英语更是国情需要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX6vMqZxgns9mjfIR7aq1sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuxF06Stq6O0au8uSuOPYpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背词的方法因人而异,但是万变不离其宗,就是要多写、多读,还要多用。背单词的目的不单单是要会念会写,既然是从零开始,那么首先要掌握的必然是26个字母和48个国际音标的发音和写法了。我这边先为大家介绍一下音标的读法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6EDeaDDgCKE7rfIdqGbkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb49IWExsMuUEFu2UaJXJve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.单元音:前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ;中元音︰[A]、[o:];后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniR0xoQAwPp10oxZK30iSEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.双元音:开合双元音:[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnplvNfSsOsmD0Ew7pLWWvYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3辅音:爆破音:清辅音[p]、[t]、[k];浊辅音:[b]、[d]、[g];摩擦音:清辅音:[f]、[s]、[O]、[h];浊辅音:[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r];爆破音:[t]、[tr]、[ts];浊辅音:[d3]、[dr]、[dz];鼻音:[m]、[n]、[n];半元音:[0]、[w]。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr4W5QwCQzCNSki5B4w4f1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(学习音标的话可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识音标","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2050891487235808454"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2050891487235808454","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmrhR5MK4nmR5LR8O6yQbeT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习单词视频链接:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgeoWLZT4M4vORBJtoqLLe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30a0fb6ae5fc49c784433ef71e2c81e6","width":541},"text":"","id":"doxcnairL6iMHNXUIUXQWFns3Xf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/806f1274e6754f8fa045d38422b80f70","width":801},"text":"","id":"doxcn3CuDAaHWIiqedjSEzdZQAh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下的内容是我总结出的关于单词的一个分类总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词(n.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEvxlGEHLswaa0vbrbckDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词。按照不同的分类标准,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词;可数名词和不可数名词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlh4Q7ODsYMrPE3dOHqNoNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、专有名词(Proper noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR6TnhMLEYpJw1ryAxAmzrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如:Newton牛顿,San Francisco旧金山,Russia俄罗斯,United Nations联合国。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBCCyEqVmEbSdNcB9muoCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、普通名词(common noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl1ianjNpY7UeYT7NONx8Tc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是某一类人、事物或某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如:lawyer律师,market市场,computer计算机,rice大米,magazine杂志,freedom自由。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6apgNhL7YDhIk2YR0LASd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、可数名词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO5sgpnXlfExWljLK6k8jvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数形式。如:cup(杯子),cat(猫)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNkCrVRH82Vs0gk5p63jEWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不可数名词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrOfaRKPfZJ2Zo3f8H7sg3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。如:milk(牛奶),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLP6OPA4MTCcx2rDoRg7rgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动词(V.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYNTDByFinTiEhgxl7a7be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语动词简称“v.”。 一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ8Q65VgXDg6bepX5Vlwrlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":263,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"动词(V.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c32267c6dd10461b8283ca3e5ea7e6c1","width":394},"text":"","id":"doxcnxTqUgHQi8WqmTzrpQu4ivd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"代词(pron.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfsEIzKKEq0j2RWhn1N48od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。(如下图列举几种)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndsFHK3R6gNvxsJd1aUxkHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"代词(pron.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/151af1aa0fb14aa39e7c0516d102101e","width":759},"text":"","id":"doxcnAsAOXgbji1P5RzMlotVHgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"介词(prep)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRtesECJsl86mR1qUYgs9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。(部分介词的用法如下图)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu1XVviQ72RjwYgSua9K8xb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"介词(prep)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2220502a5c91443e886cd5b0fbb7adda","width":644},"text":"","id":"doxcnbEPt5AzCqILJzhzL5bXq3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"数词(num.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAq7rSQz3DQTTZQhJl39uYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词,基数词是表示数目多少的数词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1wgNeJ6qn8Yao2SmB6vMUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnovWPOlFExe9UzzvYp5D9Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词用来表示数目多少,它包括表示数字的所有单词,记忆这些数字可以用数字构成分类记忆法。下图是我整理的一个简单的总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCP0gi16U8k9D1h0ggZPxEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce11edda66244aab0c0ed55d4107563","width":746},"text":"","id":"doxcnz8OW1aZaKBlutmiDFjMZvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基数的作用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUnBqmYZWWcD5ebTKQwRmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图,是我整理的关于基数作用的归纳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhwSd4gdMvXljnnexunADf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5bc24f37038a4dd689dd16109f68b992","width":795},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6JCG3zhbQ2JZHIYFCeg7n"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNd2QMlUsW4a7QQxY4Bz9jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词用来表示次序,在汉语中表示为“第几”,如:第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序数词在书写时可以缩写first缩写为1st,second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd。下图是我总结整理的一个具体变换样式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7wJeogWPgEKgp2DJpUjovd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":248,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55b5956998b44a49aa1220de1b60b254","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IJuGKCRF4sdMOsC68UIGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词除了第一,第二,第三或个位数为一,二,三结尾的序数词外,其它序数词都是以-th结尾的,缩写也是对应的数字加-th,如fourth(第四)缩写为4th。同时也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼写变化。下图是我总结整理的变换样式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb17IQMLHEk3C6TcRW5PXie"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce2900cdba8544a1aaf11a4761ac57c2","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcn6U6rQAkruuAM1tVzDR7QNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20-90整十位数序数词需要将对应的基数词词尾中的y变为i,然后加eth构成。 21-99非整十位数序数词需要十位数用基数词,个位数用相应的序数词。十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnog1pLNpDDqAqGebm8xMW5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图是我整理的20-90整十位数序数词和21-99非整十位数序数词的部分内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjb9X9jgK4or1tSLa93Ukyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":255,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8086d8fc824847afaccd238a3d8ca0b8","width":406},"text":"","id":"doxcnj9iMee8eyg0TsyAAnAQKld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"序数词的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1zQvWJnkEguR0fWt0XUXzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the。可以用来表示顺序、楼层、编号、日期中的日等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8R1OLRlbnmUNBbYNOZI3Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.1.用来表示顺序,如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3BOQ063TyoGw6kGwe98SQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am always the first to come to school.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhFPHKUz2nRivPKgw9Y7kkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我总是第一个来学校的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRA2j1N5MF9lRQnKDE6jbqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.2.用来表示楼层,如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORD5KBBDjLRkPHxnXvVu5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My aunt lives on the fourth floor.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAtW1eyAgbUMMvUO34hXf8m"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我姑妈住在四楼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndV8H1OWQ7ZRZh61zziVGee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.3.用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词+名词=名词(首字母要大写) +基数词。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQi6GBYiKZ9RypRLGstSonc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第九部分the ninth part=Part nine","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJGDvyoRlf13B6fZk6S37Ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四课the fourth lesson=Lesson Four","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnntosWHt503kQCJRNraH9Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JQFe7QOZuUFsV3sUwnwMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"温馨提示:编号较大时,一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101,表示101号房间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASpg96TjmioiSgBPlCDR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.4.用来表示年、月、日: \"年\"用基数词, “日用序数词”,如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUQWucoGUt2Tdl0pPHlzDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1949年10月1日一写法:Oct. 1st, 1949.读作:Oct.(the) first,nineteen forty-nine.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntcPUSm22TTPF3CCTNbYhtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2017年2月28日一写法:February 28th,2017读作:February, (the) twenty-eighth,two","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6PL39A3Vfjayd4yy3ARZZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"thousand and seventeen.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6bri8oRhtnjIxRA2CMfCZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.5.序数词作\"几分之几”时,有复数形式。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWulPJ9ZStHilTAu14qiKqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds;4/7→four sevenths;1/2→a half;1/4→one fourth =a quarter;3/4→three fourths =three quarters;50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpVYZOz8vVd6PUUk7ahvCFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.6.有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语,如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBu1TNOlgctvRBdDXzI4XYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三考虑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL50XgJiaMu8NzIfgIKHkPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"frst of all首先","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmu4pu0u3J7JxoVPtdzgdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"at first当初","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrtiVST8ICM0IHlsldPtSib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"from first to last从头到尾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6R6Asbxv5FaYt4CAPagwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX8mtXgkZI2ee63TaOpx9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"second to none名列前茅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR1IIFsDaBmw7yPpCoq3ccf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"形容词(adj.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnebm8nfkllzjMjXkoFXGVNK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遇到一个生词的时候要先查字典,看看这个词有几个词性,每一词性下对应的意思是什么;其次,查找这个单词衍生出的其它词性的单词,例如:credit(信誉)是名词,加上词缀-ible之后变为credible(可信的;可靠地),作形容词和副词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMqyHOtXSEadbbOs7hb3Ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语形容词可以根据词尾来识别。常见的形容词结尾如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0nh7wQ05TVDsox28qM19Dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-able/-ible:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpHo2orVvzX8MZ8n7Mh2yEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-al:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" annual, functional, individual, logical, essential","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnspwpQ9oPCLzynHHexaKlkT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ful:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaxzjCIiMWym1Qp5x17pobg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ic:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" terrific, cubic, manic, rustic","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLv6TOhxiY5GzmxzytVGIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ive:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6qXOIEBfUPOy3k5ymrDaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"●-less: ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZnhqTT6irXSy1Qc36p2mEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ous:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A5f4GIZ1f9bV95fRjzOob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"副词(adv.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4K7kYFLB50w4U46uanZRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"说到副词对于初学者来说还有一个大块儿头是一定要记忆的,就是副词的十三种分类。记住这个的话,副词的主要脉络就抓住了。比如:副词表示方式、程度、时间什么的。但是,这里只说第一种,因为入门就是从简单的开始说,副词记住就是作状语,来修饰动词的。就这么简单。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下图是作者整理的总结性归纳。图一和图二进行衔接观看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjsOeDiLcaY5OTNNsUcrTRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":428,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副词(adv.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb96301675234ac48478f5ba034ab6f7","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcnctrOmPeJgC8S8Gb66TaJt6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBSvGMnH5nuJHgL1H7y7Yg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副词(adv.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/95b36c589bf1477d98dbce931beeb6d3","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcn1modnqtebcTjCaqTOR68k9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqDcDQ5LWl79VebIF4K4JFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冠词(art.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUVR0tZOrjRqQK1h0Ou6ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFYjjhDrCwcWOA7ETG9bVUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a,an是不定冠词,只用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意思。a用在以辅音开头的词前面;an用在以元音开头的词之前,如:a day;a boy;an apple等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ubgb6aXZ7Bc9eS0kPT46g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"定冠词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfi2HNoomvn17DTcIYkgc09"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"the是定冠词,表示“这”“那”“这些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBparDtLKVxYcR9GvviFz1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"冠词的基本用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnby0Uyt6vA5a0OgGZO8R9TR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)单数可数名前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnen9rEqIh5wr1DyXJLM4pDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I have a cute dog.我有一只可爱的小狗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxn2fdC3csmbbzZUxdQySWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)复数形式可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8UdMEZhM36UlFVYuuz88U"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西国家非常要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnejQxE0ObCzRl49Zw8Mkq5w"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9HwLBBNXyxnXz18KPYNKOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndCOSG1zaN1RTJM6zXwhPwB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)专有名词前一般不用冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbLyKedELK0ZQHetc2qvLlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Beijing is the capital of China.北京中国的首都。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFKHIGNrOdtq7ZDOOrDeAeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠词a,an一般有any或one的意思,但不强调数目概念,只用来泛指事物,说明其名称或种类","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkHNa28SDN6Cph6cAtbwEgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或an起介绍作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLNrD9qIvnZA7AVlFmEggNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She is a teacher.她是一位老师。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxqtPLYChGJVOX2ex4UZCuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)表示泛指某一类人或物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnefWis0FFsWLkWr0cf3eXdd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一种冷血动物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKbikLl4nEr4mXUtXbgJ9pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)表示某一类人或事物的任何一 个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqPkrN3VdxO5OIzF8rzxFlA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is a cat.这是一只猫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhxJFy1p8IOJnESgClWa6Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)用于抽象名词之前,使抽象名词具体化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgkY45Ul9TbMWHxbLBcABe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"It is a pity that you are late.很遗憾你迟到了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj7fYGtJ9xwbzhcBUwlSCng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The ltte child is a joy to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多欢乐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5aN09PLUQc5I3Tz5iYpoNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)用于物质名词之前,使物质名词普通化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn30GLVplhVUCKSRSOkMMo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They made a fire to get warm.他们生火取暖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYtcymoKKzcucKclvGEMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19vNhHNag5VnNodx3zNxT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" (1) 当不定冠词所修饰的那个名词的第一个音(不是字母,而是读音)为元音时,不定冠词要用an,而以辅音开头时用a.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBvYWKfziOFfvG1ad9fVFcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)在使用不定冠词时,要特别注意缩略词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn58yFtBw66IIwDaZ3C95LEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"an unidentified flying object一个不明飞行物。缩略词: a UFO.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhZ71AK9Q8SoQYndoiZFyb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连词(conj.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5ltxUFxOFfSAoDke4vyajc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连词可以分成两类,一类是表示并列关系的连词。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等;一类是从属连词,用于引出从句,比如主语从句,宾语从句,状语从句等,比如that, if, when, so, for等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpK9ncNqDTc9CaVilhT3Jhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"并列连词又可以分成三类,一类是表示选择的并列关系的, 主要有or表示或者,否则,either...or不是...就是...,neither...nor....也不....例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuNgYATQKgT9yCvRo46zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What is your favoite,singing or dancing?什么是你的最爱?唱歌还是跳舞?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjvj48VBiz9KDIkm6e33uh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetCcs49rR98ehs8SWALA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告诉她真相,要么他告诉她真相。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQNBhmwSU5nlrLkPMvj4gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另一类是表示转折关系的并列连词, 主要有but但是,while而等。 例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnldk9C8HN6cpjGWIuZIsL0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing but dancing. 我喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvLchdOUrD1rqyz0tzoi6lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌,而我姐姐喜欢跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPqYrMeKe1pLgKwzwE0u9Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"还有就是表示并列关系的并列连词,比如and,bot...and,以及as...等。例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn81q42VaPhwB34mKZkhHYVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't waste food and time.不要浪费食物和时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfktjQAKXprUub3d0Kfd7Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This box is three times as big as that one.这个箱子比那个大三倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncU8nJZJpElc8hXZcCtLaNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从属连词主要根据状语的类型来分类。引导时间状语从句的从属连词类型比较多,包括表示“当…时”的when,while,as或whenever;表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after;表示“自从或直到”的since,till和untile;表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBAFUHs2OEIpYxk12TqBLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was singing when she danced.当她在跳舞时,我在唱歌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAREmDqwVTcVyeMfekp8Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌时她正在跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9nZGHg3qjRbxcpbCeQk7Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌,她就跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7R7I1pQxMhebtZ70zwTbVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有:because,for,as,since等。例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ALH2rXBhCbfLxyRJ2q9oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study s go to the best school.因为我想上最好的学校,所以我才这么努力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZZudbpp1b7AOJtX4HLDrvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有:in order that,so that,in case等。例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNtRaJ4Vv5uKKBM85ZS8Hid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是为了能上最好的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ2XyPb2NfO9wmu1WwtTgVq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有:so that,so...that,such..that等。例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz0RL2HuHfBmXZpbd29YVFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我学习那么努力,所以我上了最好的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzFkfvrRcyWRslP4YNaR2wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹词(int.)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniNo5Lt2yplNLe2agTxtUyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语感叹词有:indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下图是我整理的一个总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDvFxM9TJTIietGQn6RItMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":603,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹词(int.)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83ae9a1d84284fc687acae7ca3b68c7d","width":914},"text":"","id":"doxcn2mfJ14h5MQ1872rJaYD7ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOir01JItbm8zkBMQIFrMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们熟悉了解音标和单词之后我们就可以为自己制定学习计划了。以下是我总结出的学习计划,方法不一定适应每个人,但是希望会对大家有一个帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6SyAUawTd0bOXmIEyq7Th"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.我们可以将5500个常见词汇分为30-50个Unit,每天背诵一个Unit(100-200个单词),一个月就可以完成一轮背诵,然后第二、三个月进行第二轮、三轮巩固复习。当然,每天早上背完一个新的Unit之后,我们需要在第30分钟、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、对每个单元进行及时重复复习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXZrxfyR3uLIJucYleZmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.【具体方法】:早上:拿一张白纸挡住中文意思,只看英文单词开始背诵,勾出不认识的单词。背完一个Unit之后,立刻把勾出的单词再背一遍(依旧遮住中文意思),","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果还是有某个单词不认识","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",就再打勾背诵;30分钟后:把勾出来的单词重新自测一遍;晚上:睡前把打了2次及以上勾的单词重新自测一遍。以此类推,反复记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6zJRsNTiqwrslqkdVHGgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.【注意要点】:一定要严格按照表格重复,不要偷懒!不要偷懒!不要偷懒!如果偷懒一次,漏下一两个单元,今天耽误了,那明天想补救就会很难。比如,你3月20号背诵了Unit 12,你不仅要在30分钟后和晚上睡觉之前复习两遍Unit 10,你还需要在背完Unit 12后同步复习之前背过的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBOKtBWoGR6lvFb2PoVOtkG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":623,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/932ea040dbdd4751ac4bc6f9ae5ab66b","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnOFskaqaB9SjBk45NQep5oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者在这边也分享一下自己学习单词的视频链接:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",该视频里可以帮大家有效的学习到单词的读音,同时在视频中也教给大家如何利用学到的音标来进行拼读单词。如果有兴趣学习的小伙伴们可以跟着视频进行单词的学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTCkkzyQZTOBUXECbvYv2Wf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"APP推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK09UosVIi2YiwQHFV86yCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"百词斩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjHXslIAexQp0yTProWlEBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全民用的最多最火的背单词神器,下载量高达3亿,评分超级高。关键是适合不同年龄层次的人,可根据自己的身份选择不同的单词文本,有小学、初中、高中、大学、四六级、专业六级、八级,适合零基础的成年人从头开始学习。还有不同的背单词场景,根据不同的图片背诵单词,记忆效果很好,对零基础的成年人很友好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CtsMkPF3eTYq1eeCCgiUe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":472,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"百词斩","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fbfef7748a924c678b23b91155cd175d","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnerUpvZmVMFL415XQ3QSH6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"沪江开心词场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfmEVymN9J6brAtEO8nWtrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"趣味性极强的背单词神器,成功解决了背单词枯燥无味的问题。这个APP最大的特点就是,在闯关的过程中,顺便把单词背诵了,轻松有趣,很适合成年人在上下班地铁上背诵。闯关的过程,也是检验你是否掌握单词的过程,不记住,闯不了关,让你干着急,激发你的闯关欲望。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYBcUZCaoSITDt6e3u8sKzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":413,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"沪江开心词场","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2144d956c812406e9adfa86e4cadc5e1","width":619},"text":"","id":"doxcnEIIrzeOWtYG6s4bZMYXaWv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扇贝单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrBHwj7AdcE2gFJvFpXxaGi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不仅可以背单词,还可以做笔记。和其他APP不一样,这个软件背诵单词的速度飞快,不过还会有第二轮的检验,反复巩固,加强背诵效果。背诵之前,还会问你认不认识这个单词,如果不认识,出现的频率会更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlePYP6B3qvZFrr1gHL6yKN"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":525,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"扇贝单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69721704242f4e83a45f841440324b26","width":785},"text":"","id":"doxcnpaLd0wRL7VZ23gphHs0wph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCxFyqXKxXgSk6M6CkwLYEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们认识了单词之后,就可以来了解每个单词组成句子的语法问题。其实任何一门学科都是由浅入深的,英语也不例外。学习语法就像造房子,首先要把基础的语法脉络理清,打好根基,之后再慢慢补充和拓展,让知识巩固起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPOeGocuMzPCdkNQBdmHxjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语语法最基础的就是简单句的组成,之后我们才会慢慢了解到并列句、复合句以及从句,以下是我总结出的语法内容,我们一起来看看吧!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27kKkfooGNBXIP4Zxx3Z8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaJy8VEpjdj6hlFLRREf2Dg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有的句子都是通过简单句而组合的,只不过句子的结构拓宽了一点, 词汇丰富了一点,从而演变为其他的长句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG1g4SMQNGSLQaJhbNS2u4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.主谓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSsdyyIbBacwGufN9q1Ljy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓就是主语 + 谓语的组合,比如:Spring comes 。这句话中主语是spring ,谓语是 comes 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVkN3z1OEZX66FHA74jLG2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语就是引领句子的开头部分,是一个句子的主体,英文是 subject ,我们用字母 S 代替。谓语可以理解为动词,英文是 verb,我们用字母 v 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvO6pufvGXZAnG9B5mCS8ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.主谓宾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYsoQlFh2Vg4paDNGw6bcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据字面的意思就是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语组合而成的句子,比如 : I love you .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbtx9eCItlnoOZQkq3k1Fhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这句话中主语是 i ,谓语是 love ,宾语就是在谓语后面的词,这里是 you。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkROuofxsCDFtOur8IpHyDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语的英文是 object,这里用字母 o 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniN76YN2qs3OiVRGSv0p6vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.主谓宾宾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThUEgQqMU70kOj1b4CSQYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLPqIHpvrh27HH092gOT4oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTeMZtDsE6ttx0Xrrd5vKaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 :I give you money .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2pcOY1lf9ggGINF9T1O4Jl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的宾语,give you 和 give money ,所以都是两个宾语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAdsX6Hwd12M5h5tvdR7Xec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.主谓宾宾补","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrTqqGQ2wNHk6kvbuvuXYze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvVbyOMLWBe5OLURd0FZCkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 :It makes me happy .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpuev3tXTY45i7tAMXH8mgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的 me 是 make 的宾语,但是 happy 不是 make 的宾语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj1jiujWYbkApSgX8njYdne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"happy 是 me 的形容词,是一个宾补,全称为宾语补足语,起到了补充说明的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOtZhb7oXorBivpETAwnHZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意 :区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaXCewUaMSIFiUFYjKxYmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词,而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词,与谓语没有任何关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmzqMJ5W3shDYYdTBCzT9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.主系表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9Os59ogFDKLfyxMiGdkhQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntkh1Czp5EzORdX1aL4b58g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A be 动词 : am is are was were","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjzv2rQWkZcH2gtgJiRAlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B 感官动词 (五官)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGzjUgHpHLyfq1Y8Whafjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"look 看起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRQ6Kn3egjiLYtvBYfllzoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sound 听起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAp44KkbWgO0whufxhMPhZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"smell 闻起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQNBIRWNxwkBYHmzhHUIbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"taste 尝起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSpGrlCfNd7fu5MjVZnGDwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"feel 摸着....感觉......","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSnsqUOkpiOZRvKB717V6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C 变化动词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDnZOPCHrsiUvjgYYDQz36b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"become / turn / go / get / grow","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcK22Lfg7dOiKvh6iVIR4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的表是代表表语,包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式todo","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0Qsi6sVQ1lQdVpdB4W43d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 you are beautiful 这句话中,you 是主语,are 是系动词,beautiful 是表语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlu1gGIOyBcyiYk7G6zBcGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6K5WyFO9t3xyXzGmJumjCX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子,通过并列词成了并列句,通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 :","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8bhZbi9IlyJd7r551DbNtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句:简单句+并列词+简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJjw6p4uviFj384dseJb2Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列词一般有:and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0xGsWUZkMHCckTkzzaOyxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.表示并列:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27j7rX5678xpGTJ0XuhVHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"and,not only...but also...,neither...nor...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7kLDR0jeB84Ofv04m7F8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxwbAhygM7A7FhOcX5wo6Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.表示选择:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6vbMtVlXLoc4s4eIC4Woew"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"or,or else,otherwise,either...or...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntPQounOFqkqGWKjY3fEsrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hurry or you won't make the train.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4zMWhhDgyStp6fn5cfqCpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.表示对比、转折:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7ovsvA1tEQCm4N4RYJQcAC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"but,whileyet,however,never,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCATnSoOHXbbwBTVBJAlE0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like tea while she likes coffee.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX43vgUOKbiPPtlXexw5Owe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.表示原因:for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyRCBm4cLabeGoN6z2KpT7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am thirsty , for it is hot .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmnvydZUKe0g0rCgnLRIxnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复合句:简单句+从属连词+简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZBqbcKAkuwKo4V3rdXDk1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从属连词有:that /wether/if。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFHd9a34MVmPvDKAMqvSFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"从句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJZqqCmGi3IQMLrakiBPIHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词性从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLDUabdoQXotYo468TrAglf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时,又被称呼为不同的名字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZm4Fot0gwpFTFEQXAQNNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当作为主语时,称为主语从句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRqtpDhC0iURGHaJkYhaIqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当称为宾语时,称为宾语从句,同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 :","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8rE1CL4XhBkcFSAn56SOnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语从句 What she said is wrong .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu09Y7LyO4xluUx9FRZo86W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3CnOkb1yIB3pvDNkpA8v1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzc6fLFEeQjjreChZzbVCbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkCHCX4gJvts46v5fbPDbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住一点,不管什么从句,你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx6EcNa7gJXReAqxIDkUpth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语,就是主语从句,作宾语就是宾语从句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoHRJCXnkKJ6KoWRA6963S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZGgiKPR3Hd49uDpmQAT2qi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlLd9Lf8BZFw89envDMpwNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修饰限定名词,汉语中“的”前面的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk11n8EwFH0hxVcCfIoEhef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关系代词引导的定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGb18qxj1ZSpaHaTraL2Xfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.who指人,在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19AF8EqfjswU1uQ8fYqjpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2isjftuM4vRySpCopRsxEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISuz5ChabNzCWx7W1RWh7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUxL7PkeYA5GpLALH2bQ5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFzUyHQf7gLI6JaNt6092lO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzr9vw3cdap0CSf5tPTXIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoY8cakONmsdHcBCWAjZZRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlnHzXxRxNy1P6xsKAyt8Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关系副词引导的定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTyuo7WXgIOPuSRs5t31kNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"when where why","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOMggk4tuYr2Spl8l4HNsf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetlithDV41CEd5qrnBOnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna99jgP4VRqKUDFCh1c0Vqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.时间状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK557GoXuRB0DepI9eUEKVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY9A3WRHvEoZyRH4mgBxWBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO9mpSScZPXVqMdMxTV5cig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was fat when I was a child.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUvKv5TzXCc7qPGjfkmXre6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.地点状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhrRk2C9ELJZJVRBRFS217b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:where","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDPoCjDYcuHEdKpc5uTxNTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyse40io4DSVHmpndgooDRk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Keep it where you can see it.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBE3v8P8OvbFztN2CEJHyPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.原因状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgw4c1MB3hciTwGsIHjD1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:because, since, as, for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpEIyogb586tuihCV0oW2jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGxscoAEJ5Hdr7z3X43MDxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnTL2ta9nONJbiLE9UwMlwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.目的状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSC7TsYeNceQ8DSYpw8Hy1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:so that, in order that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDJovz1SBH3hMLfu5A1gbX5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugOpDvFF16uZHkeI3takyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"study hard so that you can pass the exam.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7o1MZIjrqwbKzgKqWMeMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.结果状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JgIgQ5oAdYmVRBnISWiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncA6YkRxHow0L2KdBaFJeie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl56POCYiYeSN1q2fAHcBHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He got up so early that he caught the first bus.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFD9lnwoLuipHftNbM8tYjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.条件状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNDWXvBCRyhkXuXxvbeG0hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:if, unless,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkzKtd2JK04n2D60buHq7lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnutMRwJ7rM6y457Wge0i2cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"If you ask him, he will help you.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngjxiUiCjgdn5evgZ8yW83c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7.方式状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7IZWCwsvJeUciduGkyKwQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:as, as if, how","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUbZEvewwKGKsbxCq3G0PMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:the way","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsILfEq5J7eJEWbkDTYFoAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Think as i think","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqMqw1ImirgHb4SEhVuDbre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8.比较状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfFrkpc1lo30QWxGEV4g4lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRZZkeyqPct5gPPL7Sdpd0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpqloCbQ0lWphQhi7W3WGUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The house is three times as big as ours.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP43ykkHwBZZf28Z4XjsPxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9.让步状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXexLVWzZYULCNnnhpaC0lE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGeI6QqkEmcEB87bc7QDZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndam24WmxWEl6DGz8itqsJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Though I believe it,yet I must consider.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcBctl7G18X76WRBw0X8zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2ALi5xvrnpCECATJSYi8Aa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时态的本质是:时+态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0RzBG8YNjomvF4EJnMoEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以学习时态,一定要把时和态分开来看待。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwbsFqf514uQDXAiB5xr4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am a teacher.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjOHxFwdf9610xLo0S60HCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这句话,时间是“现在时”,状态是“一般态”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6yMyrRRViyI6FfWaktCU4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语里有4种时间:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0dp910IoQD9QmFJOdiTTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"过去,现在,将来,过去将来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntjdIrt1MCv88xMT18trxIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语里有4种状态:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p5k90Evt9vdcUYpzv3bDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般态:非完成,非进行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnyPmiDBiluGbbx0fQvIp4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行态:动作的延续","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniK7Iyckr6AJ5NBxfqhXN2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成态:在截止时间时,完成了的事情","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Oo93t06MB5iqyom10fpdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成进行态(几乎不用):过去是,到截止时间是,将来还是的事情(强调截止时间)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyJHMdd3b1btfA2I4bBvfXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图,两个是我整理的笔记内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJUPWwnm2bwJkrv0Z3F3nab"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":424,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2dc0dab104834b4bb1f7d53a2f7a46c1","width":655},"text":"","id":"doxcnacTHReq9vY7EdPLRySxNuR"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c756989bbd1044669a5be67dcca136ab","width":732},"text":"","id":"doxcnjvcu0bJIHneLs2da29o5sf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.从阅读时理解语法,再用语法书夯实理解而成的专业知识。举一个典型的例子。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"冠词the看似简单","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",实际上用法难懂变化多端。一本详细的语法书通常会记录数十条应用the的规则,及其不计其数的不可抗力事件,并且除外中依然存在除外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn13CYDTYmGFMYhO4Z0G0K6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.学精语法,英语语感比规则关键。培养阅读英文的好习惯。仍以the为例。每一次读书的时候难免会遇到the字数十次,而每次都是看到不同情况,不同类型的句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO7utA8kzs7fho4Rnuqhshx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.读书时碰到疑惑,前去阅览语法书。这时候,语法书里的复杂规则就恰好派上用场了。由于你明白自己要请,都知道这种语法规则用于具体的语句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuAo8ooj0JDnIeeXJC9rqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d20390155029456ba85d3be1b02f7dcb","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnIxTn5tMBhHbk6etfGhoFQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWRAe34frk1DPhorGHasOYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下几个图片是我在网上进行搜索归纳的总结性笔记,一列为一种总结内容,图一至图四为整体内容,图二衔接图一结尾,图三衔接图二结尾,图四衔接图三结尾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHM7jS22SIvOiOR7gesRIJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYGhPQ8DSRSQ7k8bVkAmbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1156,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9695cee9acd141eeb4f9542e91566552","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnhOznOxYYndRfHlBebxV8If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzrImd5S33fFzYkuLMB1Thc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1106,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b4e7741267af4905a893bab3415491a3","width":1625},"text":"","id":"doxcnBVLTykjbKK4Ic2SInpWwvq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图三","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjChnYpwrYqwW8VTRNwVhys"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1138,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e2e930112d64db68cb988a6985bfe6f","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnZ4IPuwd5kjKsPoKgyWNVqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图四","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAzKKhpUpFSmKdoFngg9uj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":909,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/beb01fb9ec8049cd924ed826b6db69d5","width":1624},"text":"","id":"doxcnC8K6ks6ssQhrZE1BIokaSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"给大家讲了这么多书面上的语法问题,作者在这里给学习英语的小伙伴们介绍一下我在学习英语时候借鉴的视频。视频中老师充分讲解了初步学习英语适用的语法问题,在讲解的同时还为大家用例句进行了说明。视频链接如下:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMgGOx32f12plxMYnR8Sdn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttxR0Tfpm1yJbn7S4UNEPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVgJWo7kmf56Z05lOQ9Y1gb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容非常简单,可以帮助语法薄弱的学习者慢慢理解语法。它分为三个部分:初级句型、中级句型和高级句型。初级句型共讲解了五种基本句型;中级句型有四种,即形容词从句、名词从句、状语从句和倒装句。另外这本书的冠词、不定式和动名词的语法相比其他语法书的讲解更透彻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIgcKtZmYbC4WxA1uvXhTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a455616550e34d90afd72c7fb6375029","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnHlZtGWMWCnWcSJaS7G4qkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《English Grammar in Use》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTFM7ROjBTxghbsJPkGrCbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书的语法范例,主要是以情景为例,将抽象的语法概念更具体化、也易于理解。书中材料均来自英语母语国家,表达地道,让学习者可以学以致用,让学习的效率更好。全书图文并茂,内容生动,对语法知识点进行分类对比,可以让学习者快速梳理思路,学习起来事半功倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZIILWbHHkQuGmi4aBZ9Ufe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":526,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b2c42c5de9ce4434ae8f984e64a7088a","width":789},"text":"","id":"doxcnT1MSFjFggedQUbMWRQ1dDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《柯林斯英语语法》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGu8LJqVqDUPil6fnZxXxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《柯林斯英语语法》的体例和所有的英语语法书都不一样,不是按照句型排列的,而是按照表达法和表达功能排列的,而内容也侧重于灵活实用的功能语法讲解,强调语法和词汇的结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzaz1Rtt5HB4TM8DwO808je"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":686,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30982e4142d548c4968007b96f2e4ace","width":1027},"text":"","id":"doxcnqES1yHBd0cMdKAa5i1hBWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn0nGWZYIAYYa18gNM31Wff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过了单词和语法的认识,持之以恒记忆对话、课文中的佳句是丰富我们语言,积累句式的好方法。而能对熟悉的句子进行变通也是学习英语的重要技巧之一。现在虽然考试不考句型转换,但是句型转换可以加深我们的记忆和知识的拓展。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(想详细了解英语造句内容的可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识英语基础","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXMDWrzox2UdAqyFCO3eNgd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM73tNQ9AXsi2zaT4N8OvAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种,其中,主语和谓语是主要成分有,表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分是次要成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkhxsoXgRJo4rro7rLtpDjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、主语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY5BM1z3Yjy6Ujzvc0hYCnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0s7KZQb6YMEZ1DaX3uaWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The sun rises in the east. (名词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6JIEUIEvJh9eyVh8mR8ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He likes dancing. (代词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLoN8qoA6jOuwdEIgwexjmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、谓语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIHCil4IIPTW55ckct5QDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrQS8YKWUYuTCNnIjiobeMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"We often speak English in class.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3HaNT5GpxU81Uv8iAVBKgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cRy3khvk0MCLzFM23VXXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3VHOgsEAtOXmk2KX4Fwcbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzCGQVlui4dthWYjWX9XYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFvgKUJPmOIylvs138Utvyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWGjGM3HER20HF4mawNmyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、定语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugXIexeJ5aLiGIrYBJFAhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYOixbx0BYHx66pGNn0sjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYdvIN7Khzk0f3rVjkgcJEH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaaWG7VikQJdMEg4IN4djd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、状语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXLZriQiPslgZmDPhT8Zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnev42QgmX28dduOgV46GdKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Light travels most quickly. (副词及副词性词组)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRCImB7FIwJ26I2qfFmHbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbijUYPOyzMS4BDHufAQAph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、补语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpZly8E7GCl1mKApuWPZjyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZdDpX7V2RszuRXLVpS6e2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"His father named him Dongming. (名词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRjdSvxsVQUbvsb8jzZdWfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They painted their boat white. (形容词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKEQQuQc9YccxX5a5itOjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"七、表语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnANZ6TfZoCI37m2KoXON5yh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHnDxNnj08Ff7UpCLb29og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYVDBK7YbzuMDpjzRRmeug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"八、同位语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl039rxzRXbLkHRViJ6Lieh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。同位语和补语的区别在于:补语不能缺少,同位语可以缺少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gmNyprrTgWRQHv5N04obc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"九、独立成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQXXdZhlyzzPKr1t1GtP1Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"独立成分,是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面,与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时,它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWr4o2ODMQotKBHk6wbq2d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyq0bIM74F6EZYYWy6hh9Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。陈述句的核心是非常基础的。这个句子里有一个名词和一个动词。句子可以有其他成分,如形容词、副词和其他词。但是最简单的形式就是名词和动词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVp3pyjHZ1o89YsMOU2Rl1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陈述句的基本句型:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYXr3LzD0cFkj0FEkjmCkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)主语+连系动词+表语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX0gKKGtyQCL6opKZMCXr8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfH6bkRz1iIZ2t9vIiRRksc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlczsezkRhMsHzPd8Aoxw5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO3dv72R3uS9wNNc4wWTfRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)主语+谓语(及物动词) V.+宾语+宾语补足语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt33KmVGc4GesAK1fzdyPoc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"肯定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlfQ75ODhofVvrUVDmON8Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river flooded.河水泛滥了。(主谓 )","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnofCMsXnZ6ev4xSdNSFKB7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主谓滨)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1JQPc3MfxW8gdDfMKB9o2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can teach you English.他可以教你英语。(主谓+双宾)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW7HEZOK2x8ZiecRJsc57Ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He painted the desk blue.他把书桌涂成了色。(主谓滨宾补)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmNsaB5AOmqF0MeT3Gt1g4p"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is a doctor.他是一名医生。(主系表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneriwUiAI3OWrkNNs7Vko2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"否定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBaGQt354sbBKzsNPqz8QPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river did not/didn't flood. 河水没有泛滥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkNL2yZvzT6tSMhAPi5e2W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他没有幽默感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhjiSTi0GZyouew9DMRbqdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrYqJGDjdXDMokXmGMWV2Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He didn't paint the desk blue.他没有把书桌涂成蓝色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLAdCk3F0udFVjhRORcgOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名医生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYFKGig5anbAJhpwdGUMTLg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD0TdW6iWNi2rgvbWNuzH7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz3fWdWu6dYRJAs9BxHfadk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实,其回答通常是yes或no,因此这类问句又叫做“是非问句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoMTLxBXUg63m3YB4BAH6Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Is there something wrong with this machine?这台机器有问题吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCf98jmmG9fLEdUvfZVlah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了吗? ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACDsS2X0n9rKX8aXhpTLhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go on?我们继续向前吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbqUsTz9bHHcli9fZLe0hCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Will he not agree with you?他不同意你吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmtQG7lHPJZoHr9K75hJLdD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Haven't you any sisters?你没有姐妹吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN2idvuqJtvtl2N96wP6y0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't you like this movie?你不喜欢这部电影吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSf5mWamlbnO53a40lF6cff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDxYuR4fYrM7rJvKsRvjjgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑问句是对句中的某一部分提出疑问,通常以who、where、when、why等疑问词开头,因此又叫“wh-问句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFPlTuXGpUYJ7nfxRLkZGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Who are you?你是谁?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6lEONTnSd6DbEMe3y6m3WE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和谁打乒乓球?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncRRlEvQuNPcIfJ4b9KTgtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whose glasses are broken?谁的眼镜打碎了?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI5whj7J8WXAjeV78zhsEQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnpmOZr3KXytK5usOnhuMEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What do they want to do?他们想要做什么?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvU1DTLJ2kVkIvLFK3XHXbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"When does she want to practice?她想要什么时候练习?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrZc7rs7NKiryQIvDUgKrmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Where is the restroom?洗手间在哪里?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttbEBfqQfomY4G0xYgEINf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Why did you leave?你为什么离开了 ?|","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mYEg4oMjgBf2EE0Zw21Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"How do you study English?你怎么学习英语?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhoVGbbUloIx3LKFX4PVNTg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlpZWiDpowGm0csSHzFxQZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择疑问句是对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问方式。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn967odvYj0RR5keeNO5U9de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go by bus or by train?我们乘汽车还是乘秋车?,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr5r1RLK5BR9dYpFudVzS5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我帮你,还是你自己解决?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0B5kOAnR8vaHJVjqa5pWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一样, 咖啡还是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGpSTLACZXguAekYDOYoWAj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Coffee or tea?咖啡还是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Mjip9XpYZGdBhatcrF3ue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰,你最喜欢哪样?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIGlJ6JDtSLXz10dPpfwdtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"反义疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0kRglqChzA8pZK9AstF7fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"反意疑问句又称为附加疑问句,英语称为tag question,是一种常用于口语的疑问句式,主要由“陈述句(或祈使句) + 疑问句”构成。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE3PtziIk0a9RZB63oo5hcv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句有 be 动词时,以该be动词形成反问;陈述句有助动词(will、shall、can、have...)时,以该助动词形成反问;陈述句只有动词时,按主语人称及该动词时态,置 do、does、did 形成反问。下面是句型。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRCl1Pd9EzwAyzCzQYOZvXa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Study hard, will you?要用功,好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnufZ5wiE0UF5m3sJqsJamQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't do it, will you?不要做这件事,好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZXfFQ996Cadw2LlEQLAGUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let me go, will you?让我走,好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2RXcPwowdoD5HdwSbgLLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let's stop here, shall we?我们在这里停下,好吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02QQ6JNcnL73C1lpiadyF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在这个咖啡厅有无线网络,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvdI6BMTcZj0Fao6JnlqZkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzNxN0fYWeCjWho80EOwhpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅长数学,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIUoXgdL9z4qpX3vwkpswd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"John is going to study English, isn't he? John会学习英文,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSJtc2x7GlFKrBHLCpT6I7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUlMxrzw1ADWZOX2RwRsTqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句是英语中的一个句式,也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8yexivfY5nXi70BEvxOObb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":553,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c03a42953f0478a8235a64272e9d131","width":915},"text":"","id":"doxcnHeINouDJUcRgghMw6TWLvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpwIVxv1aU51hkxjvqT2syg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句是英语四大功能句型之一,主要用来表示高兴、愤怒、厌恶或者欣赏等强烈感情的句子,句末通常用感叹号!结尾,说话时用降调。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowqJgF7c9vAXFKGWl4alfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c45f9ca9b5db492c816bf334a39817ce","width":1079},"text":"","id":"doxcnxzaNej89cvkmYGGT1yNeMz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8hpxbXoQZw8QBNE5bKPCXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语)构成。只有一套主谓结构。主语可理解为“谁?”,谓语视为“做什么?”“是什么?”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22RGQBMXTyQY141ic8wQLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句五种基本句型:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnseRcAD6RspymnAePU59pgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主系表 SVP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpUiYrLpMY9vOTF0BaQX2P4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓SV","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngnNsOmd7jHEFxkQAC8PwGW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾SVO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjPv65QbjbcC7O7TafsNehg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓双宾SVOO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6CbV42IgCVBYh3hWCdo2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾宾补SVOC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXGOWIRYZCqnbTGiRHVjdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVfhjECy4SPLEoEmmovQ7ad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/209ed9c279194d449c04709817ce01ad","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnWtKiWieERz8SIrKGYo0kof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvK1dZSJ9beTgUSAZ764Fif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列而成,有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。并列句的基本句型:“分句+并列连词/特殊符号+分句”。并列连词:and(和,而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因为) so (所以)。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnevPcYXZIbS14HlLwjdzi4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":555,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/509a2fb7d8314abc82c8e092d40111e8","width":890},"text":"","id":"doxcniKNFBENGpNchVaL0zXqWzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊句式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJqFcNuCUWaiEYYcscGJAyn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnthBrV1bxnITixNJEHXVfPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"英语","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中是用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义,而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以从结构,句型来分析,可以有多种时态形式。相关的语法重点有:存在句的谓语动词,存在句非限定形式,存在句主谓一致等。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw8u6iz34h3LpTMSN7jupDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73afbf7743cf404ba512639eae92f403","width":684},"text":"","id":"doxcnGPMzTRHTrd4vGWFfGTSUGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrte54LEyfxQTHQm5RvlrSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在英语中,名词可以省略,动词可以省略,动词当中不但系动词这样的可以省略,连实意动词也是可以省略的,只要它已经出现过了。会使用省略句是英语水平走向高阶的一个标志,在使用省略句的时候,不要担心对方看不懂或者听不懂。只要你用的正确,不存在别人不能理解。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMcL8HKVuxNaXyPpt28Efe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7db2fd9c00fd480eb7e4326e50c9f033","width":671},"text":"","id":"doxcnSZ6iUEtW58RMKnedHkF4ig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"倒装句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxlJiYoDl36mUGAHR6HQM1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"语序","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"句式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。英语倒装句的7种形式,希望能帮助你理解英语句子。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuySu7eg6Dix9u0iXEgQx0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"倒装句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0fc7aa9c8734ea6b4ee294e99c3dc7a","width":719},"text":"","id":"doxcnvyO2dKHfKIEnF60fdAK4Se"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvQk7sQmCrcRMdHiqlMykXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句型是一种特殊句式,用于表示说话者强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是通过某种手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更重要。强调句型的结构如图所示:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0i33Lp9pAuWCC4Sz5ZD9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":740,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b91cf42bfeac4f219b734bce59b8836c","width":1153},"text":"","id":"doxcncxZueckJE2V9unMRc11e6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7THJYFgeUAP738ZX2HMeCR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第一步】:看大标题,图片,小标题,看完之后大概猜测文章是关于什么的,目的在于对文章有个模糊的印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKhRjn3qXjfJVQjrN5quWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第二步】:重点略读,主要读每段第一句和最后一句,大概了解每个段的内容,目的在于对文章结构有个整体把握,比如典型的结构——介绍问题、给出原因、提出解决方法、说明潜在风险、对未来进行判断。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O2dw1bWolFjkW38mCgPz9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第三步】:全文略读,读的时候让尽可能多的信息进入眼眶,略读次要信息,抓重点信息(核心观点、重要前提、重要假设),并对重点信息进行精读,同时对觉得不错的内容再进行标记。目的在于掌握重点信息,方面以后复查或者积累写作素材。(这时候不懂的单词可以圈起来,只要不影响文章大意理解就不查,等到最后一步再查)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniHEGSXYT2nxppKRBWZ45Jf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第四步】:不断来回查找信息,对比是否存在疏漏,目的在于梳理文章结构,掌握文章整体脉络。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDhhkkvtV8rRvNC7bsza23b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第五步】:带着结构重新略读阅读信息,精读标记信息,看是否理解清楚,是否需要进一步的查询工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDwn7yFvE5euPKdiyVuR5Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划制定好后,作者这边推荐小伙伴们可以在b站上跟着这位老师学习学习,他的视频内容充分的为大家解决了句型问题,同时还利用造句的方式帮助小伙伴们可以更加深刻的了解英语句子的组成部分,视频链接如下:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX1Lyz1eF3mUpTa7q8yvaih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnclB8F8RfjWQS1ZGaTmk5ff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《读者文摘》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoJdmQYzbm4zf4ejQOqXtFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读者文摘在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"创刊","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",这是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。适用人群是英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqhJKJCHzbYd2LwLLxaw1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性,中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。非常适合考试党提高英语能力和语感,是夯实英语基础的大众型读物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJblhctnFwrFB9szmOPAYoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买方式:直接联系中图订购纸本,这种刊物在国内订阅是完全许可的。都是英文原版,按期引进。读者文摘是那种小册子,时代是标准的杂志。现在国家对外籍刊物进口管理比较严格,自己从网上订电子版往往会被屏蔽掉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAg6lna6AEISLMHnMWaPlwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":700,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed45d9432f6d48038eaf53b1b50fd0b0","width":1050},"text":"","id":"doxcn7BHlMZEgR0Bfxl0wKN106c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"经济学人","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5qVgfWzE8N3RdjJLxGYUKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志,创办于1843年9月,创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智,幽默,有力度,严肃又不失诙谐,并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名,是社会精英必不可少的读物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzM2fPOheGGYJCa8pAJv8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"里面的文章十分经典,经常出现在考研的阅读理解里面,可见里面的用词、用句的高水平。还有很重要的一点,就是《经济学人》里面还会涉及大量的词汇、固定搭配以及长难句,不仅仅是提升阅读水平,对于词汇积累、语法提升等都大有好处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeyyDDxNWtjPCOgp5h8LXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就里面所有的板块和内容而言,个人最喜欢其中的 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"obituary","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 和 special report 部分,前者会写很多有趣的人,很有意思。后者则涉及政治、经济、社会、科技领域的时新专题报道,属于涨知识的必备栏目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU2lGZISzbtOQJ0hgF9ht9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读方式:一些免费提供离线资源的网站,这块要用谷歌搜,或者用必应国际版,但很多更新更新着就不更新了,免费的可以搜一个关键词:西贝博客。还有国内一些网站提供付费的离线资源,这块是一种选择,只要会用指令搜索,就可以搜索进行查看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBDBhwGuTF6Y9q0K8UZgFWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有就是通过发邮件到经济学人官方,咨询他们有哪些授权渠道商,再通过这些渠道商去订阅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneDYgFa6dIluIcKzeAknWhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":663,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6c09a1dd0b64fc58b21d0d3a96ef076","width":973},"text":"","id":"doxcn8jxBuGxQxPmQXTyuRKzfde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语中期学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZt8uMGUPRo8V8im591dVif"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0epC41eglSTzsosGbIavh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在锻炼听力的时候一定不要听那些东拼西凑的英语磁带,而是选择一个听力材料就彻底把它拿下。材料里的每一个单词、每一个短语都要听清楚。为了达到这一点,你必须听写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9XUbwIIzg8oDX83HZyXKxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"听力","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa24511943ad423e9bed1e34a320dde5","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcnKv48CpMJjLajyYXc0pouae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzMd0ooJutFMUz0OZqeCwqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步是先纠正自己的音标,这是最基础的,我们之所以听不懂是因为我们发音不标准,我们也听不出来英语发音。所以首先必须纠正好自己的音标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEdM2LsfAKWR6HNHVmhg2gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步是要扩大自己的单词量,好多人不注意这一点,认为听力的单词量有限,但是一定要把自己的单词量扩大到一定的范围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhNSI81bh6GMHiZw0Uvx2xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步是训练听力,首先训练单个单词,先听单个单词,然后在逐渐的听句子,这是很主要的,要循序渐进。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3yasqt8PVyvdfJ1Hj4oFpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步是在听听力的时候,一定要在自己听不懂的地方多听几遍,并把相关的单词和句子抄下来,经常去阅读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnreD2PtoRVzFOjkk7tAasUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步是每天坚持听听力至少2个小时,这是非常关键的一步,不要怕辛苦,坚持下来就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPkUHlTFddlEBYsC3MgrCIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六步是可以坚持看美剧或者坚持听外国的音乐和相关的歌曲,对自己的听力都有很大的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx3R4068GWCDbQifRgcWJPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"听力的基础练习可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"发音词典","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(这是用户)进行用于听力练习,这个老师的视频中开头部分就为大家制定好了听力规则,在观看视频的时候也可以充分的锻炼自己的英语听力。视频的链接如下:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8FVl4pJ2vSGrePfW1MGvce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习小技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkN1wpXb0j2dCuwdq84efWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、学会抓关键词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EqyWTvUywCro4XBoYxNwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在听力过程中,我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间,快速浏览选项,对比其不同之处,在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份,帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnydSflSO3XiLXE3DbacpQmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、学会划分意群","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5TJgyVHqlUnLeWhL7TiXve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听,想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的,也是很难做到的。因此,我们要学会划分意群来听,分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间,并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7h0dyChjbb7sCui3hA6GOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学会提前思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQspMHU3xk0sDWGGXNVlPmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在听力开始之前,你就要浏览完材料,结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么,目的又是什么。并学会猜测,包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置,所以,听听力要积极主动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3ClKnJ9e1gQZcjtwET6MBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、学会做笔记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUE0RmQjdnQTdu1LPmsSOee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰,让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神,记住相关信息,因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的,因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMXGUhlbc57SMPMlRspWP9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学会注意数字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZTIPpQBWtOnyymvmy64sgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意以下几方面:常规数字的连读,百分数,分数,小数,百分比,电话号码,航班号,驾照号,信用卡号等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrsFTyiPi7cEpejGRDc0bPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"text":"","id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Learning English","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQ6fzjxKQxaSONRpBG7zBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我一定要把它放在第一位,因为只要想到网路上的免费英文学习资源,第一个要推荐的绝对是BBC Learning English。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyt4VyHUNlepoNZrZcjnwpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个被公认为全球最佳的英文学习网站,不只具有英文单字词汇、文法、发音、听力、会话、阅读以及学习测验等丰富多元的学习教材,而且也一直持续更新教学内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqApD00g0lOexyWgq0ZOQGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了可以用网路学习之外,也可以免费下载mp3语音和文字稿到电脑,当作持续自学进修练习的免费教材。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfOLXyRgbV7xNPhKMpDSVne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":448,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e913fb04c2264cf988f77a15dfd0d31a","width":687},"text":"","id":"doxcnjIQsMQiGBRrao7JobdIF1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"TED","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYelIUmcvEwovBCnWOA4jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TED Talks是可以一边听演讲一边训练英文听力的网站。在这里有不同领域的专业人士所发表的科学、娱乐、文化、教育、艺术等等专题英文演讲影片,除了训练正式英文的听力之外,还可以增长知识,开拓自己的视野。可以观看约10~20分钟TED Talks练习英文听力,听不懂时,还可阅读演讲稿理解影片内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUta5inyr6K3SDQvaSC2G2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":799,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2002cfa50c14029b7f00abac5e79b4e","width":1201},"text":"","id":"doxcnWUlwAtqF05xze1WKEyJ69d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"English Online France","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LpG4czz6oM0cDt2Gd0mJO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"English Online France是一个非常有趣的在线英文听力训练网站,依照初级、中级和高级区分的英文听力训练教材共超过一百个项目,包括听写练习与测验的MP3语音教材以及听力练习与测验的影片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2NkXL6X0kZcPo7uVMWNfLI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9cef53fb83ee456f855abafe1b682163","width":971},"text":"","id":"doxcn4ptkZ85t8TasnhUru8hQVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3YjJRnkXUEZbKQQhh7jk0O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"语言不是教会的,而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望,应力争语言训练的各种机会。应该不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索,也可以","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"结合下文讲解,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在该连接中","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"看视频配合学习","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrcC1IGOuALt9pw7qUyz2Fv"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3fef193ad9d34d5c99e0c1d5e166215f","width":896},"text":"","id":"doxcn6mVn3Q0JYzoycJgoXxBh0c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnua575Ls8kF2CYx7wDtH5Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一定要用完整句子对话","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80chwA8vggV1g74yIymvyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"面对任何问题,都不能只回答表面内容,一定要在此基础上展开回答。如果别人问你一个问题,你只回答 Yes 或者 No,那如何提高口语呢?即使遇到了一个你根本不了解或者不会的问题,也千万不要用:“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”来回应。比如别人问了一个最基础的问题,“Where are you from?” 你千万不能只说:“I come from Beijing.”正确的做法是:先说明你来自北京,然后介绍一下北京的风土人情、家乡美食等等,最后再和对方互动一下,问你去过北京吗?或者你觉得北京这座城市怎么样呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Am29JWp2EnJRUJbgM0cAs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.多使用一些复杂句和从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEHGw7CDtKePv09IVO9GJub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在平时练习过程中,要将简单句和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"复杂句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"交错使用,不要一直用简单的句子,这样会显得你的水平很 Low,也不要一直说很复杂的句子,因为很容易出错。在变换不同的句式的时候,记得不要出错。避免一直说简单句的最好方法就是,多说一些稍微复杂一点的从句,比如定语从句、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"条件状语从句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、主语从句等等,同时一些相同意思的句子也不要用重复表达,要学会多尝试用不同的句式说出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntl5ggqZs1SveFYXERCKt7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.通过美剧学习口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzPBHKebdTWoMlsEiSqDjMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过美剧学习英语口语也是很多人可能有尝试的方法,对于上班族来说可以一边放松心情的同时学习英语。我建议可选择那些与日常生活比较贴近、故事情节较强的影视材料。例如金色年代。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqc0oBahh961fx6AGeNXnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":352,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cc317719f8e46358e6469afbdddf745","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcnUawhbt9LAbMNtGyT5rjQje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"MrYang杨家成","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",这个老师讲解的每个视频内容虽然简短,但是老师在讲解前就利用学生的错误发音进行纠正,充满趣味性的同时也能认识到口语发音方面的错误。我这边为大家找到一个不错的视频内容,链接如下:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",如果需要的话可以试着看看一看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAniyl28BcwrOMGSXZMG7Sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英音发音学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8jUdHxtD0q2Ca9U9XMhKcw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.建立英音的肌肉反射","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Bgwdg1Q7WFlotEPgFlzzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们开始在美音和英音间做出实质性的发音改变之前。我们首先要知道,发音的改变是要体现在每一个音上的,这样的改变才能导致整体上发音的变化。这包括说话过程中嘴型的变化,以及嘴部肌肉运动方式的变化。这是一个整体上的变化。并不只在有某个变化音的词里,你才能听到这样的变化,而是在每个音节上都可以听的出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9xr07pVHQAHJOjIbjJsxeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以想要练习一口标准的英式英语,第一步也是必不可少的一步就是练习音标。将每个音标老老实实的学习,通过肌肉发射,对后面的英式英语的口语练习能有很大的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc25ajSh9MJ9ZuAwKzwIk5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.建立英音语言环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDI3rJYrt2kCNtJSfaMWJmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学一门语言,最好的当然就是处于一个特定的语言环境内。既然我们是在国内,没有办法实现英式英语的环境,那么我就可以通过听力来实现输入的问题,通过口语来实现输出的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnItlQCgm0HI7U8XL0lN3nGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而对于锻炼听力,最推从的方法就是听万能的BBC了。你要知道,在BBC,不仅仅只有新闻的,BBC还有很多栏目,比如BBC Learning,就是可以通过上面的视频进行练习口语听力的栏目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwHmPWhIlSmkDLEJTASgmag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.建立口语交流机制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz7znoLcR8PJs5NGgEiTumf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在互联网这么发达,我们完全可以通过sns来和世界交流。你只要学会FAN墙,就可以通过Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp来找到愿意和你交流的人,如果他愿意学习中文是再好不过的了,这样互助互利是最持久的。不过记住,我们是要练习英式英语,所以最好找英国,或者加拿大的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrRBvMT5kQV0UBb8xf8Pcxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.英式发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPmSElkK8Ln9GVw9xhfqG7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“R”不发音,不卷舌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQqIl9vYv6nZ8N7aadglUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"T不发D音,发T音或不发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjwqt9HXoI1nICAJGGHbsCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"请注意,“H”并不总是发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAMcR2eJySZiDSAWw12USd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 单词“been”的读音是“bean”,而不是“bin”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpGGCrWQLAA9NEhwglolxKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结尾降调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6aeWLuqOC8x6mEvNnAis2b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美音发音学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN4ta7kwp7Fx0qE7s5mec4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.准备好学习的视频参照物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndaDJTU1LsVAhezCVIpznMX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仅仅是自己照着音标、课本练习朗读,不能使自己的发音改善。学习发音视频教程,才是最容易、最直观、最简单的方法。因为,可以直观地看到美国人的嘴形、舌头的位置,这样可以很容易自我调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ66dwrjnfif5ARMng7doIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"请在免费WiFi下,请自行百度:美式发音训练视频教程(汇总贴)。可以很容易找到美国Paul老师的视频教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntlV04Lro46oKCrXu0IO6Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.制定学习计划,每天学习1集视频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj4goxfOdeUXbx4eZFNzA4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天观看1集视频,并且在安静、不被打扰的环境下学习。跟着视频一起,自己张口练习。练习时,不用去记忆生词,只需要张口练习发音就好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykbhvgkb9sTQ7ddwKsjyBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习完1集视频后,找找自己熟悉的单词、简单句子,按照刚刚学会的方法轻松、张口朗读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHXjtIW65YnYS2zzXQJGd0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"嘴巴重新习惯需要时间。所以,请在学习第2、3、4天,轻松复习第1天学习的发音,并张口练习。这时,不用重新看视频,只需要读一读单词、简单句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIV3Peio8xvVmfsmovzgDze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.巩固训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh7WVDzXhSnPOLp84zocph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平时自己朗读自己喜欢的文章时,特意留意学会的新的发音。这是进步的最后一步。如果自己没有调整,还是按照自己以前的发音方法,那就没进步了!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKpCrCrsybqYTSoO0Gclod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果按照这样的步骤,认真练习,任何一个自己不会的发音,每位朋友都可以在1周内熟练掌握。1个月内就可以掌握所有的标准美式发音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN7Qg39OmoVkLqRiHmeMjmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.强化训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzbxdiLmiMlIUvH1PtxyOdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果学习过美国Paul老师的教程,还觉得不够。再推荐一个视频教程:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9gQ1q9mWplJ1yGiT1XLXyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美国 Lisa 老师的——Lisa美语视频教程。请按照同样的反复,每次学习30分钟吧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXVSsf7wDN37P91JfWo9uCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.美式发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEyPamcvvVZqGAqoRoYgCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当字母R出现在最后一个字母位置的时候,要发卷舌音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx2CWfpVikAHBBqUvcFkrYM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当字母R的后面紧跟一个辅音字母的时候,这里的R要发音/r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbx7h6y4AyScuOvfmYVCwwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美式发音中的第二个特征,是关于美式浊化音。比如letter这个单词,其中的字母t就需要百分之五十浊化成发音/d/,有点类似ladder了。.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIlr6VccCrAYZDvKKmjr6wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNn5aRsPSY0uClTNB0zjMjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"扇贝口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1xQDPd73gaCqWyXvrmrAXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一款旨在让用户“听得懂、说得出”的英语口语学习app,适合所有阶段人群,扇贝口语的课程系统完善,而且形式比较丰富,包括角色扮演,发音打分和故事模式,通过跟读以及听音复述和智能打分的形式,帮助培养开口习惯,纠正发音错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1vvkLtwpDzIFC4yV706Cfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":680,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6dce05c82bf4dd6b121e78ba47fd80a","width":1022},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOPKf8UJLtgeRfIAXrDLF7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"流利说英语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrfswMxU8HpX3xfjfcmtkAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一款智能口语打分软件,内置各种以场景为主题的课程,你可以跟读模仿,然后系统会根据你的发音情况进行打分,他的练习材料非常丰富,从教材到职场,从生活到影视剧,而且都有难度划分,逐渐升级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsHMd5SyxNVjHdPYDl9Jsmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":461,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2043c818292c4f86b5a58216126c49a9","width":694},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiK9GeJjwjvWS8FLcwOJua"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语后期学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhmUCRSpuEGPbSm3kfTZrNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCHSR2t6m306E2wX8Zw26Eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期就要把你珍藏的真题拿出来了,从头到尾掐准时间(可以在开始的时候把时间写在卷题上,结束对照一下时间),作文可以先不写(前5套真题左右,把作文专项练习一下),一套真题两三天左右吃透,半个月时间把作文好好练习一下(文末附有大小作文模板以及视频),做完对照答案,(如何分析和做阅读,前面的文章已经讲过了)分数依然不重要,重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方,单词、语法、阅读速度还是注意力的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98ChRZY7cmLmdgPed0hv3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3551ef9f3c724f4991e531507c6605dd","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnX6Cvuhb5Vwd8SFv6qa3U9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBzS2BYNc6jNdNFMpHBDqQm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词不用说,该背还要背,这个时间可以有侧重点的背,同时还需要把重点放在真题中单词上来,一定要注意熟词僻义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8xAWJv4iv65s79M9Ow50c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07afafd991d44a1085aff17a8ff11ad3","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoBqoRdtTyyodHXEWeYTSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimOTAvabfb8dXPzyQ4AAcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仔细思考做题过程中的这个题做错了,为什么做错,我当初怎么想的,答案又是怎么说的,有没有了解出题人的意图,带着这些问题,把错的选项分析一遍,做个小结,在题旁边标注,属于哪种错误,是粗心大意还是单词或者翻译错误等;其次是单词,这个单词我背过吗,是生词还是背过忘了,然后查出这个单词,记在自己的单词本或者在单词出处记下来,第二天背下来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhUSj3jzBNrgZQJMOD8XFTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54b405eb55d04519b7181899e35529ee","width":696},"text":"","id":"doxcnFvq6HeNlKFyAqAEkQkbX3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLzO97jEckwVUFvKIivhpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"怎么构思,如果这次试卷就是考试,我该从哪下手,我是不是又用了,老掉牙的词,背的好词好句有没有用上等;最后就是总结,把阅读、单词、作文遇到的问题做个总结,做个规划去处理,然后第二天去复习,直到这张试卷你认为没有什么价值了,那么你复盘总结就是成功的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNNUhjM8lgrGQEXuuMqRUEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed636c887c314c3e9d0f3880020bb113","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcncDWKFnzQEF5EJ3EQW6a7cg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWNLRiDucBDag6O7zsyuNj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后说一下完成这个阶段所需的时间,我建议用两个月去完成是比较合适的。不要拖太长时间,不要在学习的舒适区呆太久。我们是需要感觉到自己在进步,需要有很多正反馈才能继续坚持学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7UKfpZFcM1TGk9kUVSUjf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E6. 2008r2密钥?
win2008r2密钥序列号如下::
Server Standard 标准版安装密钥: YC6KT-GKW9T-YTKYR-T4X34-R7VHC 33PXH-7Y6KF-2VJC9-XBBR8-HVTHH
7XMDV-M9VKV-RGT3C-4DYTM-PHPDJ 2KV2B-JDHHH-JQ3VW-FVGMG-KGYJK
FKJQ8-TMCVP-FRMR7-4WR42-3JCD7 6TPJF-RBVHG-WBW2R-86QPH-6RTM4 VTC42-BM838-43QHV-84HX6-XJXKV
39BXF-X8Q23-P2WWT-38T2F-G3FPG JD8Y6-HQG69-P9H84-XDTPG-34MBB
GCRJD-8NW9H-F2CDX-CCM8D-9D6T9
Server Datacenter Core 数据中心核心版安装密钥:
489J6-VHDMP-X63PK-3K798-CPX3Y MDB49-7MYGW-6PM67-PGJMK-Q7V3V
FJ9J2-WB8RJ-YFFKR-QPHBB-76WDY
MRPKT-YTG23-K7D7T-X2JMM-QY7MG
74YFP-3QFB3-KQT8W-PMXWJ-7M648
YFKBB-PQJJV-G996G-VWGXY-2V3X8
7M67G-PC374-GR742-YH8V4-TCBY3
TM24T-X9RMF-VWXK6-X8JC9-BFGM2
2T88R-MBH2C-M7V97-9HVDW-VXTGF
HMCNV-VVBFX-7HMBH-CTY9B-B4FXY
Server Web版安装密钥:
YDRBP-3D83W-TY26F-D46B2-XCKRJ
C29WB-22CC8-VJ326-GHFJW-H9DH4
BX4WB-3WTB8-HCRC9-BFFG3-FW26F
P63JV-9RWW2-DJW7V-RHTMT-W8KWJ
489J6-VHDMP-X63PK-3K798-CPX3Y
HMBQG-8H2RH-C77VX-27R82-VMQBT
22XQ2-VRXRG-P8D42-K34TD-G3QQC
W7VD6-7JFBR-RX26B-YKQ3Y-6FFFJ
MHF9N-XY6XB-WVXMC-BTDCT-MKKG7
TFGPQ-J9267-T3R9G-99P7B-HXG47
Server Datacenter数据中心版安装密钥:
YQGMW-MPWTJ-34KDK-48M3W-X4Q6V
GT63C-RJFQ3-4GMB6-BRFB9-CB83V GPQHT-YYMR7-B2FD8-XVQY7-B7YRQ
FJ82H-XT6CR-J8D7P-XQJJ2-GPDD4 GT63C-RJFQ3-4GMB6-BRFB9-CB83V
VKK3X-68KWM-X2YGT-QR4M6-4BWMV
4DWFP-JF3DJ-B7DTH-78FJB-PDRHK
WYR28-R7TFJ-3X2YQ-YCY4H-M249D
GQJJW-4RPC9-VGW22-6VTKV-7MCC6
TT4HM-HN7YT-62K67-RGRQJ-JFFXW
7. 两个规范要求是否一致?
TT系统接地,两个规范要求是否一致?
答:电力系统中的TT系统接地的两个规范要求是一样的。而供配电系统设计规范老国标GB5002-95是2009年十一月十一日废止的,同时执行的新国标GB50052-2009,仅仅只是在原有基础上,根据有关国际标准和国外先进标准增加了一下内容。
所以说TT系统的本来面目仍然还是原来的大部分标准。
电力系统有一点直接接地,电气装置的外露可导电部分通过保护线接至与电力系统接地点无关的接地极。且都是利用大地始终为零电位,无论多大的电流,大地都可以吸收它。
⚡TT系统的接地方式如下图所示。
电力变压器的低压绕组的输出侧都是星形接法Y,在它们的中性点引出一根零线叫工作接地,用字母N表示。
电力系统中性点直接接地,用电设备的外露可导电部分采用各自的PE线接地。该系统多用于低压公共电网及农村集体小负荷电网等,由于各自的保护接地线的PE互不相关,因此电磁适应性较好。
在这种系统中,故障电流取决于电力系统的接地电阻和PE线的电阻,由于分流作用,使得通过人体的电流仅为故障电流的一部分,从而可以减轻电击的危险程度。如果接地电阻很小,使得流过人体的电流降至安全电流以下,对人体就是安全的。但是,故障电流往往很小,不足以使具有一定容量的电气设备的保护开关动作,因此故障电流将一直存在下去,无疑将危及人身安全。为了保护人身安全,必须采用剩余电流开关作为线路和用电设备的保护装置,否则它只适合于小负荷的系统。
TT系统的工作零线N接地,简单理解为它减轻了电网中的一相接地的危险性。由于接地电流不大,线路上的保护装置也是不动作,电气设备仍然能运行,故障可能长时间存在。如果有人触电,电流将通过人体经设备回到零线,人体承受的电压几乎为相电压,是非常危险。发生上述故障时,在电网中所有接零的电气设备都处于危险状态。同时在没有碰地的两相,对地电压也随之升高,大大增加了触电的危险性。
如果在变压器中性点增设了工作接地,上述的危险则可以减轻或者说基本消失。此时它的接地电流主要是通过碰触地处接地电阻Rb和工作接地电阻的R₀形成回路,若有人触及接零设备,其人体承受的电压R₀的电压降。
以上为个人观点,大部分都是按照GB标准规定来说的,要细谈电力系统的各种供电方式得大篇幅的写,没有必要纠结或者大费周折,工程师们和有经验积累老电工师傅们都清楚知道它。
知足常乐2022.9.14日晚于上海
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